UNIT 4

Question 1

Parenting Styles

Answer 1

strategies that parents use to raise their children

Question 2

Fertility rates

Answer 2

the number of children born alive during the year as a proportion of the average annual population of women

Question 3

Infanticide

Answer 3

killing a child within a year of it’s birth

Question 4

Biological clock

Answer 4

the length of time that a women’s body is able to conceive and carry a child

Question 5

normative event

Answer 5

in family life cycle theory, the predictable events in life that require a developmental change in behavior (also called normative crisis; contrast non-normative crisis)

Question 6

secure & insecure attachment

Answer 6

Securely attached infants have a high degree of attachment to their primary caregivers. They are able to trust, comfortable, good self-esteem

Insecurely attached infants have limited attachment to their primary caregivers. When they experience stress or fear, they either avoid or resist their parents.

Question 7

3 types of Parenting styles

Answer 7

Brick Wall:
Is the Authoritarian parenting style. Such families combine high expectations, robotic consistency, and high control with low levels of warmth and communication.
“My way or the highway”

Jelly Fish:
Is the Permissive parenting style. These parents are the opposite of authoritarians. They project high warmth and communication but take little control, tolerate inconsistent daily routines, and provide few clear expectations for their kids.
“Acts like your friend instead of your parent”

Backbone:
Is the Authoritative parenting style. These parents provide clear and consistent rules and expectations within the context of a caring and loving family.
“Positive and Firm”

Question 8

alignment

Question 9

reference group

Answer 9

Groups of people with whom one identifies. In symbolic interactionism, they act as standards against which the child measures themself.

Question 10

significant group

Answer 10

The people who make an important contribution to the developing child’s life.

Question 11

cycle of abuse

Answer 11

1) Tension-building stage:
The abuser gets edgy and tension begins to build, the victim feels like they are walking on eggshells and their partner could explode at any minute.

2) Explosion stage:
where the actual physical abuse happens. It can be a quick blow up or a long time explosion or anger.

3) Calm-and-penance stage:
the abuser might act if nothing happened or feel really guilty, promising that it would never happen again. Until tension starts to build again and the cycle continues.