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VIH > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

-state of equilibrium that is dynamic and maintained by adaptation

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2
Q

compensation

A

-regulatory processes that attempt yo bring the body back to homeostasis

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3
Q

Decompensation

A

-deterioration in function due to failiture of regaltory mechanisms

-asses in one system –muilitple organs- can cause death

-relate to GAS

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4
Q

Call Injury

A
  1. Lethal cell injury: kills cells
  2. Sub-lethal cell injury: alters cell function (reversible)
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5
Q

Cell adaptation

A

Sub-Lethal injury is common to physiology processes

  1. hypertrophy
  2. hyperplasia
  3. atrophy
  4. metaplasia
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6
Q

What causes Lethal Cell injury?

A
  1. Destruction of cell nucleus
  2. disruption of cell metabolism
  3. rupture of the cell membrane
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7
Q

How does the body protect itself?

A
  1. skin and mucous membrane
  2. mononuclear phagocytes system
  3. inflammatory response
  4. immune response
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8
Q

Inflammation

A

-Generalized, immediate and local

Purpose:
1. destroy harmful agents
2. limit spread
3. prepare tissue for repair

Side:
-not specific to tissue type
-cause harm to tissues
-chronic inflammation is linked with cancer
-inflammation cause scar tissue
-Scar tissue cause adhesions

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9
Q

Inflammation signs

A
  1. Redness
  2. Heat
  3. Swelling
  4. Pain
  5. Loss of function?
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10
Q

Actue Inflmamation

A
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11
Q

wound healing

A
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12
Q

Helaing process

A
  1. Regeneration: replacement of lost cells and tissue with cells of the same types
  2. Repair: lost cells replaced by connective tissue, resulting in a scar
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13
Q

Primary intention

A

-wound margins are neat
-includes inflammatory (1st) phase, proliferative (granulation) and maturation phase and scare contraction

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14
Q

3 Phases of wound helaing

A
  1. inflammatory phase/initial
  2. Proliferative phase. granulation
  3. maturation/remodelling phase
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15
Q

congeital disorder

A

present at birth

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16
Q

Genetics

A

Study off inheriance

17
Q

Bone Fractures

A
  1. Open-bone breaks the skin
  2. Closed- remains within the body
  3. transverse- perpendicaluer break across the bone
  4. spiral- twisting motion cause bone to break in crocksrew
  5. Grennstick- bends and cracks
  6. comminuted-broken into more than 2 pieces
  7. Oblique
  8. Patholosigcal
  9. stress fractures-
18
Q

Bone Healing Process

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. fibrocartiliaginous callus formation
  3. bone callus formation
  4. bone remodelling
19
Q

Asthma

A

Define: chronic imflammatory disorder causes obstruction in the airways leading to wheezing, tighness and breathlessness or/and cough

pathophysociolgy: early phase- triggered
Late phase- 5-12hrs to hr or days, inflammation of bronchial smooth muscle
-causing bronchoconstriction

20
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

definition: chronic, a progressive autoimmune disorder of CNS,

pathophysiology:
Autoreactive T-cells are activated after a virus migrates to the CNS causing BBB disruption; the reaction to this of inflammation leads degeneration of the myelin sheath
-

21
Q

Ishemic Stroke

A

Define: not enough blood to brain, partial or completer blockage

Thrombotic stroke: narrowing of the artery by fatty plaque, clot can form and block passage in the brain

Embolic stroke: when a blood clot lodges in an artery in the brain could be from the heart walls.

22
Q

Cancer

A

Effect on tissues: development of abnormal cells that divide (grow) uncontrollably- destroy normal tissue

Effect on cell proliferation: same proliferation time, respond differently to intracellular signals
* telomerase: IC that allows them to escape death
Effect of cell cellular differentiation:
Proto-oncogenes promote growth
Tumour Protein 53- suppress the growth

23
Q

Carcinogen

A

known to cause cancer in living tissue alcohol, tobacco, sunlight, processed food

24
Q

Teratogens

A

agents or factors that cause the malformation of an embryo
-rec drugs
-infections
-chemicals
-alcohol

25
Q

UTI

A

Define: microorganisms causing infection urine is not stelie, cells cause irritation and inflammation

pathophysiology; introduced via the asceding route
1. urethre - most common
2. lymphatic/blood- less common

starts in bladder can work to kidneys if not treated

26
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Define; younger than 30, Peak (11 to 13), genettics are a risk factor

pathophysiology: distories Bcells in pancreas, killing 80-90% of insulin-producing cells, leading to hyperglycemia

27
Q

Genetic mutation

A

A permanent change in DNA
-can be a change to protein production
-or cell nucleus

28
Q

Mobility and Immoblity

A

move independantly and easily vs a lack of ability

29
Q

Finding due to Immobility

A

Metabolic - wound healing is slow, atrophy, fat decrease, edema

Respiraoty- increased RR, entity harder for air wheezes and crakcles

Cardio- hypotension, weak pulse, HR increased, 3rd Heart sound, edema

Musculoskeletal- decreases ROM, erythema, increased joint contracture, atrophy, decreased endurance

Elimmintion: decreased urine output (concentrated, cloudy) and decreased BM,

Skin: break in skin integrity

VIH (5 decks)

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