Unit 1 Flashcards
Evidence-based practice
The care we provide should be derived from sound research not tradition/or provider
Best Practice
Most appropriate action based on research and practice findings
Why EBP?
Safety net for care providers
1. Accurate and best practice clinical decisions
2. Provide the best care
3. Solve problems
4. Learn perspectives
5. New ideas and technologies
Examples of sources
-primary source
-review articles
-research articles
Credible source Must include:
-true
-reliable
-feasible
-recent
-researcher or source valued
EBP Steps 1
- PICO
P: patient pollution of interest
I: intervention
C: comparison
O: outcome
EBP Step 2
Collect the best evidence
EBP Step 3
Critique the Evidence
EBP Step 4
Incorporate EPB if stronge
EBP Step 5
Evaluation
Holism
Considers person as a whole, Mind/Body and Spirit
-how the individual interacts within their community (environment)
Humanism
Person focussed relationships with client,
Holism in Nursing
- Accepts patients as they are without
judgment and with compassion - Holism integration of Mind/Body and Spirit
- Facilitator is the nurses role in the client’s self-healing
- Incorporates self care and self-responsibility
- Guided by EBP
Health
’ - A state of complete physical , mental social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Illness
Is the human experience of symptoms expressed by the person
Disease
A objective (measurable) state of illness with tools (diagnosed)
Risk Factor
Variables linked to increased risk of illness
Modifiable risk factors
Behaviour that can be changed: diet, tobacco, exercise, alcohol use
Individual risk factors
background, behaviour, and intermediate
Background characteristics
Sex, age, level of education, genetic characteristics
Intermediate risk factors
Comorbid conditions, diabetes, hypertension, obesity
community level risk factors
Social and economic conditions (poverty, employment, family compositions and environmental conditions-(climate/ air pollution)
Cultural conditions
Practices, norms and values
Non modifiable risk factors
Age, sex, and genetic makeup that contribute to development of illness
Acute
Sudden onset, goes away quickly 6m or less
-inflection, cold, flu,
Chronic
Lone term illness and persistent or doesn’t go away completely over 6m
-diabetes, cancer, arthritis
Illness behaviour
The actions that an individual takes in reaction to their physical symptoms
Empowerment
The patient play an proactive role in taking control of their own health/ health condition
Health Equity
Everyone has just and fair opportunity to attain the best care, services are accessible to everyone regardless
Health Inequity
Unfair/unjust differences in health services among persons with different backgrounds
Health disparity
Not having the same level of access to health services in the system causes social disadvantages
Cultural competence
Recognizing the need for the knowledge and skills to modify assessment and international strategies in order to achieve equity in health outcomes
Stereotyping
Assuming certain aspects of person based on their culture race and ethic group, done on superficial level
3 domains of to combat Stereotyping
- Affective domain- practitioners have awareness of needs, biases, and value
- Behavioural domain- knowledge and skill to breach encounters
- Cognitive domain- ???? P 26-29 Lewis
Traditional heating
First Nation practices of wellness, ceremonies, plants/animals and mineral based medications, energy therapies
Wellness circle
Centre- human beings
Second Circle- mental, emotional, spiritual and physical
Third Circle-Respect, wisdom, responsibility and relationship
Fourth Circle- Family, Land Nations and Community
Fifth Circle-social, environmental, culture
Cellular Adaptation
Changes made a cell in response to adverse or varying environmental changes
Atrophy
Decrease in size/weight or cell thus tissue
Hypertrophy
Enlargement in cell cell size without cell division happening
Hyperplasia
More cells due to increased cell division
Metaplasia
Transformation of one cell to another cell in response to change in like condition or irritant
Dysplasia
Abnormal differentiation of diving cels that results in changes to the cells size/shape and appearance
Research Article Review Steps
- Read title and abstract
- Scan article
- Study the methods
- Read the results
- Analyze the findings
Misconceptions -Research Article #1 EBP
Participants had a hard time understanding terms
Found it hard to believe HC providers will deliver that standard of care
Reluctant to ask questions about their own health
ReSearch Article # 2
EBP evolution
the Evolution:
-mid 19th C Paris
- attention in 1992, used in medical journal
- increased research, Better practices
Challenges:
-hard to keep up
