Unit 4

Question 1

Relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior as a result of experience

Answer 1

Learning

Question 2

ability to recall or recognize previous experience

Answer 2

Memory

Question 3

we infer what we know about learning and memory formation from changes in behavior

Answer 3

How are learning and memory inferred

Question 4

Unconscious memory, participants demonstrate some previously acquired capability, they can not recount how the knowledge was aquired

Answer 4

Implicit memory

Question 5

Conscious memory, participants demonstrate some previously acquired capability, they can recount how the knowledge was acquired

Answer 5

Explicit memory

Question 6

people with some forms of amnesia, implicit memory intact - improvement occurs in incomplete picture recognition and in pursuit rotor tasks, explicit memory impaired - no recollection of having performed the tasks before

Answer 6

How can implicit and explicit memory be dissociated?

Question 7

Tasks used to study implicit and explicit memory

Answer 7

incomplete picture recognition, pursuit rotor task

Question 8

what regions of the brain were damaged in HM

Answer 8

medial temporal lobe restriction

Question 9

explicit memory abolished, severe amnesia, unable to recall new info from the time of surgery in 1953 till his death in 2008, system crucial for explicit memory was missing or dysfunctional

Answer 9

The Deficits that resulted from HM

Question 10

Implicit memory mostly intact, recognition of incomplete figures and performance on pursuit rotor task improved, system required for implicit memory intact

Answer 10

The abilities that were spared in HM

Question 11

medial temporal lobe regions, frontal cortex, sensory and motor neocortical areas, medial thalamus, basal forebrain activating systems

Answer 11

Main features of the circuit for explicit memories

Question 12

basal ganglia and related structures

Answer 12

Main features of Miskins circuit for implicit memories

Question 13

consensus among neuroscientists regarding the structural basis of memory

Answer 13

Changes in the synapses of circuits store memories

Question 14

Formation of new synapses from original terminals, Formation of new synapses from new axon terminals

Answer 14

Kinds of synaptic changes that might be involved in memory

Question 15

olfactory bulb, the hippocampal formation, the neocortex of the frontal lobe, and the neocortex of temporal lobe

Answer 15

Regions of the mammalian brain that show adult neurogenesis

Question 16

what function might adult neurogenesis have

Answer 16

enhance learning and memory

Question 17

Endeavors to develop a unified understanding of a mind and brain, Views the brain as the ultimate source of behavior, Analyzes the diseases and disorders that affect the brain

Answer 17

Features of clinical neuroscience

Question 18

published by the american psychiatric association, classifies psychiatric disorders, intended to aid diagnosis and treatment, most widely accepted classification system, classifies primarily on the basis of behavioral symptoms and subjective report, Starting premise: labelling a condition will lead to understanding the condition and treating it

Answer 18

Features of the diagnostic and statistical manual

Question 19

Initiated by the National Institute of Mental Health, Classifies behavioral disorders, A new classification system, Advocates for the integration of genetic, imaging, cognitive science, and other levels of information, Starting premise: understanding basic biological function will lead to understanding malfunction and its treatment

Answer 19

Features of the research domain criteria

Question 20

genetic errors, epigenetic mechanisms, progressive cell death, rapid cell death, loss of neural connections, life stress

Answer 20

Causes of disordered behavior

Question 21

behavioral modification, cognitive therapy, neuropsychological therapy, emotional therapy, physical activity and music as therapy, real-time fMRI, virtual reality therapy

Answer 21

Behavioral treatments for behavioral disorders

Question 22

disorders assumed to be due to brain malfunction

Answer 22

Psychiatric disorders

Question 23

3 general categories of psychiatric disorders

Answer 23

psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders

Question 24

neurological disorders definition

Answer 24

disorders in which the brain is damaged

Question 25

traumatic brain industries, stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, neurocognitive disorders

Answer 25

List of neurological disorders

Question 26

disorders in which there is a progressive loss of function in neurons and/or loss of neurons themselves

Answer 26

Neurocognitive disorders

Question 27

two major neurocognitive disorders

Answer 27

alzheimer and parkinson

Question 28

neurosurgical treatments, electrophysiological treatments, pharmacological treatments, behavioral treatments

Answer 28

Treatments for neurocognitive disorders

Question 29

direct intervention in the brain - tissue removal or repair, deep brain stimulation, stem cell implantation

Answer 29

Neurosurgical treatments

Question 30

electrical stimulation of the brain - electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 30

Electrophysiological treatments

Question 31

administration of chemicals - psychoactive drugs

Answer 31

Pharmacological treaments