Unit 4 Flashcards
Monomers of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Monomers of lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids
What are adaptations (2)
Adaptation are traits taht help an organism survive and reproduce in its environment. Adaptations can be physical features, behavioral characteristics or physiological adaptations. Adaptations in animals help tehm maintain homeostasis, even in extreme environments.
Adaptations in mammals
Four chambered heart that separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and enables oxygenated blood to be delivered to all teh cells.
Why is a concentration gradient need ?
So taht molecules van move form a higher concentration to a lower concentration,m
Adaptation of teh placenta
Small distance between the mothers blood and that of teh embroyo so that teh embroyo gets food and oxygen quickly
Surface and volume relationships
As organisms increase in size their surface area : volume decreases
Why do we need specialized structures
Small organisms can achieve teh constant exchange of of nutrients, gas and waste with tehir environment across their surface area without teh need for specialized structures , howver larger organisms need specialized structures to increase the surface across which vita, minerals can be taken into their bidy and waste removed,
Polar bear adaptations
White fur made of hollow hair which act as camouflage and trap warm air next to teh skin.
Why do smaller animals have high metabolism
Because they lose more heat have to have a high metabolic rate to sustain life processes
Example fo behavioral adaptation
Huddling in empower penguins are an example of behavioral adapations
Zerophytes
Plants adapted to dry conditions
A fast rate of diffusion can be achieved by ?
- Increasing surface area
- decreasing the thickness of the diffusion surface
- maintaining a concentration gradient
Why do large organism need specialized organs
As objects increase in size their volume increases at a faster rate than death of Italia. This means the larger organisms have a smaller surface area to volume ratio . Living things depend on the constant exchange of nutrients and gases and waste with their environment. small organisation can achieve this across the surface without the need for specialist doctors at the serv. Large organisms we specialise doctors to increase the service across with the battle materials can be taken into the body and waste removed
What has a smaller surface area cubes or rounded shapes
Surface area decreases for rounder shapes and incraeses with shapes such as cubes and pyramids
Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane
What is extinction
Extension means that a particular species is completely dead and that there is no living member of the species,eft 
Why can’t cells just get bigger and bigger
Above a certain size cells would not be able to absorb the all the substances they need to survive fast enough
Penguins
Huddling cuts heat loss by as much as 50% and enables males to survive the long incubation fast since the warmer they are teh longer their fat lasts
