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Paper 1 GCSE Chemistry EC > Unit 3b- Acids and Alkalis > Flashcards

Unit 3b- Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

What type of salt does hydrochloric acid make?

A

Chlorides

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2
Q

What type of salt does sulphuric acid make?

A

Sulphates

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3
Q

What type of salt does nitric acid make?

A

Nitrates

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4
Q

How do you make chloride salts?

A

React with hydrochloric acid

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5
Q

How do you make sulphate salts?

A

React with sulphuric acid

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6
Q

How do you make nitrate salts?

A

React with nitric acid

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7
Q

Define acid in terms of pH

A

A substance with a pH of less than 7

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8
Q

Define acids in terms of ions

A

A substance which releases H⁺ ions in solution

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9
Q

What does (aq) stand for?

A

Aqueous: when something is dissolved in water. E.g. NaCl(aq) is salt water

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10
Q

State the three common acids and give their formulae

A

Hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), Sulphuric acid, H₂SO₄(aq), Nitric acid, HNO₃

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11
Q

Name HCl(aq),

A

Hydrochloric acid

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12
Q

Name H₂SO₄(aq)

A

Sulphuric acid,

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13
Q

Name, HNO₃

A

Nitric acid,

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14
Q

Which ions do the common acids form in solution?

A

HCl forms H⁺ and Cl⁻,

H₂SO₄ forms 2H⁺ and SO₄²⁻,

HNO₃ forms H⁺ and NO₃⁻

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15
Q

What is a neutral solution?

A

A solution with a pH of 7. Water is an example.

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16
Q

How do you measure pH?

A

With an indicator or pH probe.

17
Q

What is a base?

A

A metal oxide, hydroxide or carbonate that will react with an acid. E.g. copper oxide

18
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base. E.g. sodium hydroxide

19
Q

Which ions are always present in a solution of an alkali?

A

OH⁻

20
Q

Name OH⁻

A

Hydroxide ion

21
Q

What is a salt?

A

An ionic substance

22
Q

What type of salts are formed by the three main acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid produces chlorides,

sulphuric acid produces sulphates,

nitric acid produces nitrates

23
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction?

A

A reaction involving an acid that results in a neutral solution

24
Q

Which ions always react together in a neutralization reactions between acids and alkalis?

A

H⁺ and OH⁻

25
Q

Write the equation showing the reaction between H⁺ and OH⁻ ions

A

H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O

26
Q

metal + acid →

A

→ salt + hydrogen gas

27
Q

metal hydroxide + acid →

A

→ salt + water

28
Q

metal oxide + acid →

A

→ salt + water

29
Q

metal carbonate + acid →

A

→ salt + water + carbon dioxide

30
Q

How do you make a soluble salt from an acid?

A

React the acid with a base. E.g. to make copper sulphate react copper oxide with sulphuric acid

31
Q

If a salt is in solution, how do you extract it as a solid?

A

Allow the water to evaporate off and it will leave the salt behind as a solid.

32
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid which completely splits up into its ions in water. E.g. when HCl is in water all the HCl molecules split up into H⁺ and Cl⁻

33
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid which will have some molecules which do not split up into their ions. E.g. in ethanoic acid only some of the molecules will have split up into the ethanoate ion and H⁺ ions.

34
Q

What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and its pH?

A

As an acid increases in strength the pH decreases.

35
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

An acid where there are lots of acid particles in the water.

36
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

An acid where there are fewer acid particles in the water.

37
Q

How is pH measured?

A

pH is related to the concentration of H⁺ in a solution.

38
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Give a squeaky pop with a lit splint

39
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater turns from clear to cloudy

Paper 1 GCSE Chemistry EC (7 decks)

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