Unit 3.9 - Demographic Transition

Question 1

Industrialization

Answer 1

the process of economic and social transition from an agrarian (farming) economy to an industrial one (manufacturing based)

Question 2

Pre industrialized/less developed

Answer 2

• A country that has not yet made the agrarian to industrial transition
• Typically very poor (low GDP)
• Typically high death rate & high infant mortality
• High TFR for replacement children & agricultural labor

Question 3

Industrializing/developing

Answer 3

• part way through this transition
• Decreasing death rate & IMR
• Rising GDP

Question 4

Industrialized/developed

Answer 4

• completed the transition
• Very low DR & IMR
• Very High GDP
• Low TFR

Question 5

Name the stages in order

Answer 5

1. Preindustrial
2. Industrializing/developing
3. developed/industrialized
4. post-industrialized/highly developed

Question 6

Explain stage 1

Answer 6

• preindustrial
• High IMR & high death rate due to lack of access to clean water, stable food supply, and healthcare
• High TFR due to lack of access to:
  - Ed. for women
  - Contraceptives/family planning
• Need for child agricultural labor
• Little to no growth due to high CBR & CDR balancing each other out
• Ex: Virtually no country is in phase 1

Question 7

Explain stage 2

Answer 7

• Industrializing/developing
• Modernizations brings access to clean water, healthcare, stable food supply
• IMR & CDR decline
• TFR remains high due to
  - Lack of ed. for women & contraceptives/family planning
  - Need for child agricultural labor
  - Generational lag ( takes time for ed. & societal change to spread
• Rapid growth, due to high CBR and declining CDR

Question 8

Economic/societal factors of stage 2

Answer 8

• Low per capita GDP
• Shorter life-expectancy
• High infant mortality
• High TFR
• Low literacy rate & school life expectancy for girls

Question 9

Explain stage 3

Answer 9

• Developed/industrialized
• Modernized economy and society increase family income, so TFR declines significantly due to
  - More ed. opportunities for women
  - Delayed age of marriage & first child to focus on ed./career
  - Access to family planning & contraceptives
• Slowing growth rate as CBR drops closer to CDR

Question 10

Explain Stage 3

Answer 10

• Industrialized/Developed
• Modernized economy and society increase family income, so TFR declines significantly due to
  - More ed. opportunities for women
  - Delayed age of marriage & first child to focus on ed./career
  - Access to family planning & contraceptives
• Slowing growth rate as CBR drops closer to CDR

Question 11

Economic/societal indicators of stage 3

Answer 11

• High per capita GDP
• Long life-expectancy
• Low infant mortality
• TFR, near replacement level (2.1)
• High literacy rate & school life expectancy for all

Question 12

Explain Stage 4

Answer 12

• Post-industrialized/highly developed
• Highly modernized countries that are very affluent
  - TFR declines even further as families become more wealthy and spend even more time on educational & career pursuits
  - Increased wealth & education brings even more prevalent use of family planning & contraception
• CBR drops lower that CDR & growth becomes negative(pop. decline)

Question 13

Economic/societal indicators of stage 4

Answer 13

• Very high per capita GDP
• Longest life-expectancy
• TFR, below replacement level (2.1)
• Highest contraceptive use rates

Question 14

Birth rate in each stage

Answer 14

1. High
2. High
3. Falling
4. Low

Question 15

Death rate in each stage

Answer 15

1. High
2. Falls rapidly
3. Falling more slowly
4. Low

Question 16

Natural Increase

Answer 16

difference between number of births and deaths

Question 17

Natural increase per stage

Answer 17

1. Stable or low increase
2. Very rapid increase
3. increase slows down
4. falling and then stable