Unit 3.5 Nuclear Decay (involves gambling) Flashcards by Shirou Aizen

Nucleon formula???
(Describing the nucleus)
(Or actually, element layout)

A = Z + N

^AX_Z

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Define A
(Describing the nucleus)
(2 things)

Mass number
N° of protons and neutrons in atom

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Define Z
(Describing the nucleus)
(2 things)

Atomic number
N° of protons in atom

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Define X
(Describing the nucleus)
(3 things)

Atomic symbol
Abbreviation used to represent
atom in chemical formulas

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Proton number = ?
(Describing the nucleus)

Same number of electrons

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Define radioactivity?
(3-way)

Spontaneous disintegration
of an unstable nucleus
within an atom

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Define radioactive emission?
(3-way)

An attempt by the unstable nucleus
to become more stable
by emitting 3 types of radiation

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What are the 3 types of radiation emitted during radioactive emission?

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

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What are the 2 things that stability/instability of the nucleus depend on?

N° of nucleons
Ratio of protons to neutrons

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Skipped page 4…. probably not needed?

I’ll come back one day… or not?

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What do they use to measure radiation?

A Geiger counter

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How do Geiger counters’ work?
(4-way)

Principle of incoming radiation ionising a gas
by knocking out an electron
from electron shell
to create both negative + positive ion pair

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How do u correct for background radiation?
(2-way)

Subtracting the background count rate
from the measured count rate

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Correcting for background radiation expressed as a formula?

(Corrected Count rate) = [Measured Count rate] - [Background]

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Describe the process of ionization?
(2-way)

Addition/removal of an electron
to gain an ion

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How do them ionization cloud chambers work?
(Fix-up)

Dry ice needed to crate a ‘supersaturated’ environment
Cools the alcohol vapour
Radiation ionizes the vapour - condensing the alcohol along the radiation paths

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Why do beta particles produce poorly defined curved tracks?
(Ionisation within “cloud chamber”)
(2 things)

Less ionizing
Curved due to less mass

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Why do alpha particles produce well-define, thick straight tracks?
(Ionisation within “cloud chamber”)
(2 things)

More ionizing
Has more mass

Why do gamma rays leave virtually no trail?
(Ionisation within “cloud chamber”)

Very low ionizing ability

What stops alpha?

Tissue/cm of air

What stops beta?

mms of aluminium

What stops gamma?

Metres of concrete/cm’s of lead

How can an electric field be used to classify the different types of radiation?
(2-way + 2 things)

Beta = negative electron ∴ positive attract
Alpha = positive ∴ goes to negative
Alpha also heavier ∴ deflection = less
Gamma = no charge ∴ no deflection

Describe each finger for Fleming’s hand rule?
(3 fingers)

Thumb = motion
Index = magnetic field
Middle = current flow direction

Which hand do u use alpha on?

Left hand

Which hand do u use beta on?

Right hand

How can a magnetic field be used to classify the different types of radioactive emission? (3 separations)

- Alpha rays = slightly deflected in 1 direction - Beta rays = deflected strongly in opposite direction - Gamma rays = not deflected

Describe alpha decay? (4 things)

* Helium atom **+** * -4 on mass number * -2 on atomic number

Describe beta decay? (3 things & 2 +’s)

* Beta (-1 atomic number) **+** * +1 on atomic number **+** * V?

Describe beta⁺ decay? (3 things? & 2 +’s)

* Beta⁺ (+1 atomic number) **+** * -1 on atomic number **+** * V?

Describe radioactive decay? (2 things + 2-way)

- Spontaneous, no trigger to cause it - Random occurrence - Impossible to predict - when individual nucleus will disintegrate

What is activity (A) of a sample defined as?

N° of disintegrations per unit time

What is the unit of activity?

Becquerel (Bq)

1 Bq = ?

1 disintegration each second

What is decay constant generally? (More needed, i hate logs)

Rate of change

A crazy gamble, Will finish later, HOWEVER, the next part is literally just logs

Is this gonna be a good gamble? or ask for help before it terrorizes

So, i'm gonna gamble here only so i can save time, tho, might not be the best decision....

Don't state here logs, i shall learn that separately on the whiteboard.... assuming i do that, ppq in addition to that. Shall truly be the crutch here (╯˘ -˘ )╯

Define mole (3-way)

- The amount of substance that contains... - the same n° of particles - as there is in 12g of Carbon-12

So u know Avagadro's constant **N_A**, what about that? (2 things?)

- One mole of any substance - contains N_A particles which is 6.02 x 10²³

How do u find the molar mass of C or U? (Of carbon or uranium)

You just.... look at the n° above.... "not the atomic number"

Formula for number of moles?

N° of moles = Mass of sample/Mass of 1 mole n = M/M_molar

Formula for number of particles? (BIG DIFFERENCE)

N° of particles = Mass of sample/Mass of 1 particle N = M/m

Once again, rlly bad last minute revision again. Surprisingly capacitance its like the knowledge retained at the back of my brain.

Just follow the plan.