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A2 Chemistry - Unit 4 > Unit 3.4.4 - Nomenclature and Isomerism > Flashcards

Unit 3.4.4 - Nomenclature and Isomerism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the stem when there is one carbon atom in the chain?

A

Meth-

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2
Q

What is the stem when there are two carbon atoms in the chain?

A

Eth-

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3
Q

What is the stem when there are three carbon atoms in the chain?

A

Prop-

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4
Q

What is the stem when there are four carbon atoms in the chain?

A

But-

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5
Q

What is the stem when there are five carbon atoms in the chain?

A

Pent-

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6
Q

What is the stem when there are six carbon atoms in the chain?

A

Hex-

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7
Q

What is the suffix for an alkane?

A

-ane

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8
Q

What is the suffix for an alkene?

A

-ene

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9
Q

What else do you have to do when naming alkenes?

A

Name the carbon number that the double bond comes off

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10
Q

What is the prefix when there is one carbon atom in the branched chain of a molecule?

A

Methyl-

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11
Q

What is the prefix when there are two carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

A

Ethyl-

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12
Q

What is the prefix when there are three carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

A

Propyl-

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13
Q

What is the prefix when there are four carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

A

Butyl-

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14
Q

What is the prefix when there are five carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

A

Pentyl-

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15
Q

What is the prefix when there are six carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

A

Hexyl-

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16
Q

What are haloalkanes?

A

Alkanes where one or more of their hydrogens have been replaced with halogens

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17
Q

What is the prefix when there is a fluorine group attached to a molecule?

A

Fluoro-

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18
Q

What is the prefix when there is a chlorine group attached to a molecule?

A

Chloro-

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19
Q

What is the prefix when there is a bromine group attached to a molecule?

A

Bromo-

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20
Q

What is the prefix when there is a iodine group attached to a molecule?

A

Iodo-

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21
Q

What is the suffix when there is an alcohol group attached to a molecule?

A

-ol

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22
Q

What prefix do you use where there are two of the same groups on a molecule?

A

Di-

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23
Q

What prefix do you use where there are three of the same groups on a molecule?

A

Tri-

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24
Q

What prefix do you use where there are four of the same groups on a molecule?

A

Tetra-

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25
Q

What are three groups alcohols can be divided into?

A

Primary, secondary and tertiary

26
Q

What is a primary alcohol?

A

Where the carbon atom the -OH is attached to is attached to 1 carbon atom

27
Q

What is a secondary alcohol?

A

Where the carbon atom the -OH is attached to is attached to 2 carbon atoms

28
Q

What is a tertiary alcohol?

A

Where the carbon atom the -OH is attached to is attached to 3 carbon atom

29
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

30
Q

What does a structural formula show?

A

It shows the atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups

31
Q

What does a displayed formula show?

A

It shows how the atoms are arranged with the bonds between them

32
Q

What does a skeletal formula show?

A

It shows the carbon skeleton with attached functional groups

33
Q

What is an empirical formula?

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

34
Q

What is a general formula?

A

An algebraic formula that can the number of any group in a compound

35
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of organic compounds with the same general formula and similar properties

36
Q

What two groups can isomerism be divided into?

A

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

37
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of covalent bonds

38
Q

Name three types of structural isomerism

A

Chain isomers, positional isomers and functional group isomers

39
Q

What are chain isomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon toms

40
Q

What are positional isomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but have the functional group attached to a different carbon atom

41
Q

What are functional group isomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional group

42
Q

What are stereoisomers?

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula and the same arrangement of covalent bonds but different arrangement in space

43
Q

Name two types of stereoisomerism.

A

Geometrical isomers and Optical isomers

44
Q

What is another name for geometrical isomers?

A

E-Z isomerism

45
Q

When do you find E-Z isomerism?

A

When two carbon atoms have a double bonds and two different atoms or groups attached to them

46
Q

Why do you get E-Z isomers?

A

You can’t rotate about the double bond

47
Q

What is an E isomer?

A

When the groups are on the opposite sides of the double bond

48
Q

What is an Z isomer?

A

When the groups are on the same side of the double bond

49
Q

What is necessary for optical isomers?

A

A chiral carbon

50
Q

What is a chiral carbon atom?

A

One which has four different groups attached to it

51
Q

What is another name for optical isomers?

A

Enantiomers

52
Q

What is are optical isomers?

A

Molecules with a chiral carbon atom, the same structural formula that exists as non-super-imposable mirror images

53
Q

How do you draw two optical isomers?

A

With a tetrahedral structure around the chiral carbon atom, and then reflected into a dotted line

54
Q

What is a special characteristic of optical isomers?

A

They are optically active

55
Q

What is meant by optical isomers are optically isomers?

A

They will rotate plane-polarise light

56
Q

What is plane-polarised light?

A

Light that is vibrating in the same pane (one direction)

57
Q

How can you tell the difference between two optical isomers?

A

Pass plane polarised light through them and they will rotate the light in opposite directions

58
Q

Is this an E of Z isomer?

A

E

59
Q

Is this an E or Z isomer?

A

Z

60
Q

Draw the general structure of two optical isomers

A
61
Q

Draw the general structure of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

A

A2 Chemistry - Unit 4 (11 decks)

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