Unit 3.4.4 - Nomenclature and Isomerism

Question 1

What is the stem when there is one carbon atom in the chain?

Answer 1

Meth-

Question 2

What is the stem when there are two carbon atoms in the chain?

Answer 2

Eth-

Question 3

What is the stem when there are three carbon atoms in the chain?

Answer 3

Prop-

Question 4

What is the stem when there are four carbon atoms in the chain?

Answer 4

But-

Question 5

What is the stem when there are five carbon atoms in the chain?

Answer 5

Pent-

Question 6

What is the stem when there are six carbon atoms in the chain?

Answer 6

Hex-

Question 7

What is the suffix for an alkane?

Answer 7

-ane

Question 8

What is the suffix for an alkene?

Answer 8

-ene

Question 9

What else do you have to do when naming alkenes?

Answer 9

Name the carbon number that the double bond comes off

Question 10

What is the prefix when there is one carbon atom in the branched chain of a molecule?

Answer 10

Methyl-

Question 11

What is the prefix when there are two carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

Answer 11

Ethyl-

Question 12

What is the prefix when there are three carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

Answer 12

Propyl-

Question 13

What is the prefix when there are four carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

Answer 13

Butyl-

Question 14

What is the prefix when there are five carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

Answer 14

Pentyl-

Question 15

What is the prefix when there are six carbon atoms in the branched chain of a molecule

Answer 15

Hexyl-

Question 16

What are haloalkanes?

Answer 16

Alkanes where one or more of their hydrogens have been replaced with halogens

Question 17

What is the prefix when there is a fluorine group attached to a molecule?

Answer 17

Fluoro-

Question 18

What is the prefix when there is a chlorine group attached to a molecule?

Answer 18

Chloro-

Question 19

What is the prefix when there is a bromine group attached to a molecule?

Answer 19

Bromo-

Question 20

What is the prefix when there is a iodine group attached to a molecule?

Answer 20

Iodo-

Question 21

What is the suffix when there is an alcohol group attached to a molecule?

Answer 21

-ol

Question 22

What prefix do you use where there are two of the same groups on a molecule?

Answer 22

Di-

Question 23

What prefix do you use where there are three of the same groups on a molecule?

Answer 23

Tri-

Question 24

What prefix do you use where there are four of the same groups on a molecule?

Answer 24

Tetra-

Question 25

What are three groups alcohols can be divided into?

Answer 25

Primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 26

What is a primary alcohol?

Answer 26

Where the carbon atom the -OH is attached to is attached to 1 carbon atom

Question 27

What is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 27

Where the carbon atom the -OH is attached to is attached to 2 carbon atoms

Question 28

What is a tertiary alcohol?

Answer 28

Where the carbon atom the -OH is attached to is attached to 3 carbon atom

Question 29

What is a molecular formula?

Answer 29

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

Question 30

What does a structural formula show?

Answer 30

It shows the atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups

Question 31

What does a displayed formula show?

Answer 31

It shows how the atoms are arranged with the bonds between them

Question 32

What does a skeletal formula show?

Answer 32

It shows the carbon skeleton with attached functional groups

Question 33

What is an empirical formula?

Answer 33

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 34

What is a general formula?

Answer 34

An algebraic formula that can the number of any group in a compound

Question 35

What is a homologous series?

Answer 35

A group of organic compounds with the same general formula and similar properties

Question 36

What two groups can isomerism be divided into?

Answer 36

Structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

Question 37

What are structural isomers?

Answer 37

Molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of covalent bonds

Question 38

Name three types of structural isomerism

Answer 38

Chain isomers, positional isomers and functional group isomers

Question 39

What are chain isomers?

Answer 39

Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon toms

Question 40

What are positional isomers?

Answer 40

Molecules with the same molecular formula but have the functional group attached to a different carbon atom

Question 41

What are functional group isomers?

Answer 41

Molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 42

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 42

Molecules with the same molecular formula and the same arrangement of covalent bonds but different arrangement in space

Question 43

Name two types of stereoisomerism.

Answer 43

Geometrical isomers and Optical isomers

Question 44

What is another name for geometrical isomers?

Answer 44

E-Z isomerism

Question 45

When do you find E-Z isomerism?

Answer 45

When two carbon atoms have a double bonds and two different atoms or groups attached to them

Question 46

Why do you get E-Z isomers?

Answer 46

You can't rotate about the double bond

Question 47

What is an E isomer?

Answer 47

When the groups are on the opposite sides of the double bond

Question 48

What is an Z isomer?

Answer 48

When the groups are on the same side of the double bond

Question 49

What is necessary for optical isomers?

Answer 49

A chiral carbon

Question 50

What is a chiral carbon atom?

Answer 50

One which has four different groups attached to it

Question 51

What is another name for optical isomers?

Answer 51

Enantiomers

Question 52

What is are optical isomers?

Answer 52

Molecules with a chiral carbon atom, the same structural formula that exists as non-super-imposable mirror images

Question 53

How do you draw two optical isomers?

Answer 53

With a tetrahedral structure around the chiral carbon atom, and then reflected into a dotted line

Question 54

What is a special characteristic of optical isomers?

Answer 54

They are optically active

Question 55

What is meant by optical isomers are optically isomers?

Answer 55

They will rotate plane-polarise light

Question 56

What is plane-polarised light?

Answer 56

Light that is vibrating in the same pane (one direction)

Question 57

How can you tell the difference between two optical isomers?

Answer 57

Pass plane polarised light through them and they will rotate the light in opposite directions

Question 58

Is this an E of Z isomer?

Answer 58

E

Question 59

Is this an E or Z isomer?

Answer 59

Z

Question 60

Draw the general structure of two optical isomers

Answer 60

Question 61

Draw the general structure of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

Answer 61