Unit 3.1: CV A&P Flashcards
which myocyte property is correct for: Contains actin and myosin myofilaments
A. Similar to neural and skeletal muscle
B. Unique to cardiac muscle
A
which myocyte property is correct for: propagates action potential
A. Similar to neural and skeletal muscle
B. Unique to cardiac muscle
A
which myocyte property is correct for: generates a resting potential
A. Similar to neural and skeletal muscle
B. Unique to cardiac muscle
A
which myocyte property is correct for: has gap junctions
A. Similar to neural and skeletal muscle
B. Unique to cardiac muscle
B
which myocyte property is correct for: Contains t-tubule system
A. Similar to neural and skeletal muscle
B. Unique to cardiac muscle
A
which myocyte property is correct for: oxygen consumption at rest of 8-10 mL O2/100 g/min
A. Similar to neural and skeletal muscle
B. Unique to cardiac muscle
B
the resting membrane potential is established by what 3 mechanisms
- chemical force
- electrostatic counterforce
c. sodium/potassium ATPase
define resting membrane potential
the electrical potential across a cell membrane at rest
define threshold potential
the voltage change that must be achieved to initiate depolarization
Review:
note similarities and differences between neural, skeletal, and cardiac muscle
what is the name of the equation to predict an ions equillibrium pote4ntial
Nernst
Do not need to know how to calculate… just understand concept
Describes the force of myocardial contraction during systole
A. Inotropy
B. Chronotropy
C. Dromotropy
D. Lusitropy
A
describes Heart rate
A. Inotropy
B. Chronotropy
C. Dromotropy
D. Lusitropy
B
Describes conduction velocity through the heart (Velocity = distance/time)
A. Inotropy
B. Chronotropy
C. Dromotropy
D. Lusitropy
C
describes the rate of myocardial relaxation during diastole
D
primary determinant of threshold potential
Serum Calcium
primary determinant of resting membrane potential
serum potassium
2
Review
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: ST Segment
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
B
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Q Wave
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
A
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Calcium Influx
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
B
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Sodium influx
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
A
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: isoelectric EKG
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
D
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Plateau
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
B
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Resting phase
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
D
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: T Wave
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
C
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Potassium Leak
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
D
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Final Repolarization
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
C
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Potassium Efflux
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
C
sort each myocardial event to its primary phase of the myocyte action potential: Depolarization
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
A
I-f
Review
- what is the order of stimulus through heart
Review SA node Firing
what determines the heart rate…
other name for the SA node
Kieth flack node
Review
the ______ vagus nerve innervates the SA Node and the ______ vagus nerve innervates the AV Node
Right = SA
Left = AV
Cardiac accelerator fibers
T1-T4
REVIEW
what 3 variables can be manipulated to change the sinus node rate
- rate of spontaneous phase 4 depolarization
- threshold potential
- Resting membrane potential
how does SNS stimulation increase the HR
1000 ml/min
oxygen delivery equation
what is the normal
1,000 mL
Review
solution coefficient for dissolved oxygen
0.003
3 things CO is determined by
- preload
- afterload
- contractility
oxygen content equation
what is the normal
20 mL/dL
oxygen extraction ration
oxygen consumption normal amount
venous oxygen content equation
what is the normal
15 mL/dL
match the “parts of the choo choo train” to the components of the oxygen delivery equation
Cargo
A. Hemoglobin
B. SaO2
C. Cardiac Output
B
match the “parts of the choo choo train” to the components of the oxygen delivery equation
Engine
A. Hemoglobin
B. SaO2
C. Cardiac Output
C
match the “parts of the choo choo train” to the components of the oxygen delivery equation
Boxcar
A. Hemoglobin
B. SaO2
C. Cardiac Output
A
what does CaO2 tell you
how many grams of oxygen are contained in a dL of ARTERIAL blood
the amount of oxygen dissolved in blood (PaO2) follows what law
henrys law
hematocrit
equation to calculate MAP
poiseuilles Equation
altering what part of poiseuilles Equation yields the gretest impact on flow
radius
Review
what factors influence CO
SV
HR
ESV
EDV
Filling pressures
compliance
afterload
contractility
how does CO impact the variable that comes after it
directly impacts MAP, tissue blood flow, and oxygen delivery
what are the 5 components of Poiseuilles Law
how much flow occurs when the radius of a tube is quadrupled
256 times
how is viscocity related to temperature
A. Inversely proportional
B. Directly proportional
A
Reynolds # for turbulent flow
> 4,000
Reynolds # for transitional flow
2,000-4,000
Reynolds # for laminar flow
< 2,000
Normal value for:
Cardiac Output
5-6 L/min
Normal value for:
Stroke Volume
50-100 mL/beat
Normal value for:
Ejection fraction
60-70%
Normal value for:
Mean arterial BP
70-105 mmHg
Normal value for:
SVR
Normal value for:
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Review
Review
Review
Review
notice that several terms can be used on the x- and y- axes. You should know all of them
atrial kick accounts for ______% of the final LVEVV
20-30%
conditions associated with decreased myocardial compliance…
- myocardial hypertrophy
- heart failure with preserved EF (diastolic failure)
- fibrosis
- aging
On the Starling curve, is this variable on the X- or Y-axes?
LVEDV
X
On the Starling curve, is this variable on the X- or Y-axes?
PAOP
X
On the Starling curve, is this variable on the X- or Y-axes?
CO
Y
On the Starling curve, is this variable on the X- or Y-axes?
SV
Y
On the Starling curve, is this variable on the X- or Y-axes?
LVSW
Y
On the Starling curve, is this variable on the X- or Y-axes?
CVP
X
LVEDP, LAP, and PAOP are all surrogate measures of:
LVEDV