Unit 3 World History Vocab Flashcards
Vocab
scientific theory that has the sun as the center of the universe with the earth rotating around the sun
heliocentric theory
philosophers of the Enlightenment
Philosophers
French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist; his belief that all things should be doubted until they could be proved by reason became one of the underpinnings of the scientific method
Rene Descartes
Austrian Archduchess; she takes the throne after the War of Austrian Succession and is one of the most beloved monarchs in that nation’s history
Maria Theresa
a transformation in European thought in the 1500s and 1600s that called for scientific observation, experimentation, and the questioning of traditional opinions
Scientific Revolution
King of Spain and Portugal; he led Roman Catholic efforts to recover parts of Europe from Protestantism
Philip II
English philosopher and founder of British empiricism; he developed political and economic theories during the Enlightenment. He wrote Two Treatises on Government in which he declared that people have a right to rebel against governments that do not protect their rights
John Locke
Czarina of Russia; an absolute monarch who introduced a number of reforms that extended Peter the Great’s “westernization”
Catherine the Great
a time of optimism and possibility from the late 1600s to the late 1700s; also called the Age of Reason
Louis XIIl 10.
Enlightenment
a relatively weak king of France, he allowed his chief minister to do most of the ruling during his reign
Louis XIV
English mathematician and natural philosopher; he discovered the law of gravity as well as laws on the physics of objects
Isaac Newton
gatherings in which intellectual and political ideas were exchanged during the Enlightenment
Salons
King of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor; he opposed the Protestant Reformation and kept Spain in a series of wars
Charles V
Swiss-French political philosopher; he valued the social contract and addressed the nature of man in his work On the Origin of Inequality
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
the period after the fall of Oliver Cromwell’s government where Charles II was placed on the throne of England and the monarchy was restored
Restoration
scientific theory that has the earth as the center of the universe with the sun and stars revolving around it
Geocentric Theory
King of Prussia; transforms his kingdom into a major military power after a series of wars with its main rival Austria
Frederick the Great
a generally non-violent revolution where the English Parliament organized the replacement of King James II with his daughter Mary and William of Orange
Glorious Revolution
the absolute monarchs in 18th century Europe who ruled according to the principles of the Enlightenment
Enlightenment despots
Lord Protector of England; he led the forces of Parliament in deposing Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
Scottish economist; he became the leading advocate of laissez-faire economics and is considered by some to the the “father of modern economics.” He wrote the first true text on economics, The Wealth of Nations, in 1776
Adam Smith
given the nickname “the Terrible,” he is the first person to take the Russian title of Czar; waged a reign of terror against the boyars
Ivan IV
the great fleet assembled by Spain in 1588 to invade England
Spanish Armada
the King of England that conflicted with Parliament, leading to the English Civil War; he is defeated and beheaded
Charles I
