Unit 2 - History Vocab Flashcards
Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescoes and his most famous was the School of Athens.
Raphael
is a sailing vessel that uses square and triangular sails to help it sail against the wind. Significant in exploration and colonization.
Caravel
a religious movement in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe, creating new churches.
Protestant Reformation
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and Africa beginning with the voyages of Columbus.
Columbian Exchange
pardons issued by the pope of the Catholic Church to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory.
Indulgences
the name for voyages bringing enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas and West Indies.
Middle Passage
a meeting of church leaders in the 1500’s to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Counter Reformation
The Council Of Trent
the Catholic Church’s series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism.
The Counter Reformation
Flemish painter; his paintings focused on landscapes and domestic life. He was the first to successfully use oil based paints.
Jan van Eyck
members of a Catholic religious order; the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatious of Loyola in 1534.
Jesuits
Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; spent his life directing voyages of discovery along the coast of Africa.
Henry VIII
King of England; his desire to end his marriage led to conflict with the pope, England’s break with the Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism.
Conquistador
trade network that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americas, and Africa.
Triangular Trade
Italian sculptor, architect, painter, musician, engineer, and scientist; he painted the Mona Lisa.
Leonardo De Vinci
Italian political philosopher; he wrote The Prince advising rulers to separate morals from politics - “the ends justify the means.”
Niccolo Machiavelli
“rebirth”; a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome.
Renaissance
Aztec ruler; he was the emperor when Cortes and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner by the Spanish and killed.
Montezuma
an agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas.
Treaty of Tordesillas
navigator; he became the first person to sail around Africa and reach India by sea.
Vasco De Gama, Portuguese
dramatist and poet; considered one of the greatest dramatists of all times - wrote Romeo and Juliet as well as Hamlet.
William Shakespear, English
Spanish conquistador; he defeated the Aztec Empire, conquering Mexico for Spain.
Heran Cortes
Spanish conquistador and conqueror of Peru; conquered the Incan Empire for Spain.
Francisco Pizzaro
to proceed completely around.
Circumnavigate
the belief that at the beginning of time, god decided who would gain salvation.
Predestination
