Unit 2 - History Vocab

Question 1

Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescoes and his most famous was the School of Athens.

Answer 1

Raphael

Question 2

is a sailing vessel that uses square and triangular sails to help it sail against the wind. Significant in exploration and colonization.

Answer 2

Caravel

Question 3

a religious movement in the 1500’s that split the Christian Church in Western Europe, creating new churches.

Answer 3

Protestant Reformation

Question 4

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and Africa beginning with the voyages of Columbus.

Answer 4

Columbian Exchange

Question 5

pardons issued by the pope of the Catholic Church to reduce a soul’s time in purgatory.

Answer 5

Indulgences

Question 6

the name for voyages bringing enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas and West Indies.

Answer 6

Middle Passage

Question 7

a meeting of church leaders in the 1500’s to clearly define Catholic doctrines for the Counter Reformation

Answer 7

The Council Of Trent

Question 8

the Catholic Church’s series of reforms in response to the spread of Protestantism.

Answer 8

The Counter Reformation

Question 9

Flemish painter; his paintings focused on landscapes and domestic life. He was the first to successfully use oil based paints.

Answer 9

Jan van Eyck

Question 10

members of a Catholic religious order; the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatious of Loyola in 1534.

Answer 10

Jesuits

Question 11

Prince of Portugal and patron of exploration; spent his life directing voyages of discovery along the coast of Africa.

Answer 11

Henry VIII

Question 12

King of England; his desire to end his marriage led to conflict with the pope, England’s break with the Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism.

Answer 12

Conquistador

Question 13

trade network that carried goods and enslaved people between Europe, the Americas, and Africa.

Answer 13

Triangular Trade

Question 14

Italian sculptor, architect, painter, musician, engineer, and scientist; he painted the Mona Lisa.

Answer 14

Leonardo De Vinci

Question 15

Italian political philosopher; he wrote The Prince advising rulers to separate morals from politics - “the ends justify the means.”

Answer 15

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 16

“rebirth”; a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome.

Answer 16

Renaissance

Question 17

Aztec ruler; he was the emperor when Cortes and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner by the Spanish and killed.

Answer 17

Montezuma

Question 18

an agreement between Spain and Portugal that created an imaginary north-south line dividing their territory in the Americas.

Answer 18

Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 19

navigator; he became the first person to sail around Africa and reach India by sea.

Answer 19

Vasco De Gama, Portuguese

Question 20

dramatist and poet; considered one of the greatest dramatists of all times - wrote Romeo and Juliet as well as Hamlet.

Answer 20

William Shakespear, English

Question 21

Spanish conquistador; he defeated the Aztec Empire, conquering Mexico for Spain.

Answer 21

Heran Cortes

Question 22

Spanish conquistador and conqueror of Peru; conquered the Incan Empire for Spain.

Answer 22

Francisco Pizzaro

Question 23

to proceed completely around.

Answer 23

Circumnavigate

Question 24

the belief that at the beginning of time, god decided who would gain salvation.

Answer 24

Predestination

Question 25

French Protestant; founded Calvinism which is associated with the doctrine of predestination.

Answer 25

John Calvin

Question 26

German monk; protests against the Catholic Church with his 95 Theses calling for reform.

Answer 26

Martin Luther

Question 27

Italian writer and diplomat; he wrote one of the most important books of the Renaissance; The Courtier about rules and behavior.

Answer 27

Castiglione

Question 28

German inventor and printer; he developed a moveable type.

Answer 28

Johannes Gutenberg

Question 29

large farms usually specialize in the growing of one crop for a profit.

Answer 29

Plantations

Question 30

a Spanish soldier and explorer who led military expeditions to the Americas and captured land for Spain.

Answer 30

Conquisitors

Question 31

Italian explorer; he sailed for Spain and reached the Americas and claimed land for Spain.

Answer 31

Christopher Columbus