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Motor Control - Aubree > Unit 3 Week 9 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Week 9 Flashcards

1
Q

the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

A

motor control

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2
Q

what are the key components of motor control?

A

muscle activation, posture, balance, and coordination

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3
Q

what factors affect motor control?

A

neurological, biomechanical, and contextual

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4
Q

why is understanding motor control important for PT?

A

enables accurate diagnosis, intervention, and rehabilitation

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5
Q

the observable behavior or the execution of a specific motor skill or task

A

motor performance

encompasses how well an individual can perform a specific action or series of actions. the tangible and visible. the observable skill or task.

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6
Q

what are the key components of motor performance?

A

speed, accuracy, efficiency, consistency and adaptability

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7
Q

what factors affect motor performance?

A

task complexity, environmental conditions, cognitive demands, and physical factors

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8
Q

why is understanding motor performance important for PT?

A

provides measurable data to asses progress, the efficacy of interventions, and identify areas for improvement

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9
Q

a process that leads to a relatively permanent change in an individual’s capacity to execute a motor skill or task.

A

motor learning

changes are due to practice or experience rather than growth or aging

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10
Q

what are the 3 phases of motor learning? describe each.

A

cognitive: have to think through the skill. concentration. lots of trial and error, lots of mistakes, and inconsistency. goal is understanding the task

associative: have more of an understanding on how to do the task. refining or perfecting the task. errors are gradually reduced, efficiency is ramped up.

autonomous: do not have to think about the task to complete it. automatic. consistent, efficient performance with minimal errors. can be done under many variations.

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11
Q

this phase of motor learning relies on visual cues and external feedback.

A

cognitive

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12
Q

this phase of motor learning relies on proprioceptive or personal feedback

A

associative

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13
Q

this phase of motor learning is where all key components of motor learning are accomplished.

A

autonomous

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14
Q

what factors affect motor learning?

A

feedback, motivation, practice structure, and individual differences

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15
Q

why is understanding motor learning important for PT?

A

enables development of effective treatment plans, skill acquisition, and long-term retention of motor skills

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16
Q

what does age-related motor changes refer to? what do these changes predominantly affect?

A

the natural and progressive modifications in motor abilities during aging

an individual’s strength, flexibility, and coordination, impacting overall motor control and function

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17
Q

what are the key components of motor changes with aging?

A

decreased muscle mass, slower reaction times, and reduced joint mobility

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18
Q

how do the motor changes that occur with aging impact motor control?

A

reduce movement efficiency, balance and coordination challenges, and increase risk of falls.

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19
Q

what is one of the most noticeable changes in an older adult?

A

balance and coordination challenges

20
Q

why is understanding motor changes with aging important for PT?

A

adapt treatment plans and interventions to accommodate age-related changes

we should facilitate and guide patients through the changes and empower their aging.

21
Q

what are the sensory changes that occur with aging?

A

alterations in the function of various sensory systems including visual, auditory, tactile, and proprioceptive systems.

22
Q

what are the key components of sensory changes with aging?

A

reduced visual acuity, decreased hearing sensitivity, and impaired proprioception (affects balance and coordination)

23
Q

how do the sensory changes that occur with aging impact motor control?

A

cause difficulty navigating environments, challenges in maintaining balance and coordination, increase reliance on other sensory systems

24
Q

why is understanding sensory changes with aging important for PT?

A

incorporate sensory training and adaptation strategies to optimize function and safety

25
Q

what are perceptual changes that occur with aging?

A

alteration in the processing and interpretation of sensory information. includes the brain’s ability to make sense of the information collected by our sensory organs, such as vision, hearing, and touch

26
Q

what are the key components of perceptual changes with aging?

A

slower processing speed, difficulty with complex spatial tasks, reduced attentional capacity

27
Q

how do the perceptual changes that occur with aging impact motor control?

A

impaired ability to adapt to changing environments, challenges in perceiving and interpreting sensory cues

28
Q

why is understanding perceptual changes with aging important for PT?

A

utilize strategies that simplify tasks and environments, emphasize the use of clear and explicit cues

include interventions involving multitasking and spatial demands
at first provide direct cues, clear instructions the progress to multitasking and busy environments

29
Q

what are cognitive changes that occur with aging?

A

alterations in various aspects of cognition, including memory, attention, and executive function (higher-order processes that involve planning, decision-making, and task-switching)

30
Q

what are the key components of cognitive changes with aging?

A

decreased working memory (vital for temporarily holding and manipulating information), reduced processing speed, impaired multitasking ability

31
Q

how do the cognitive changes that occur with aging impact motor control?

A

difficulty learning new motor skills, challenges in adapting to new environments or tasks, increase reliance on familiar routines

32
Q

why is understanding cognitive changes with aging important for PT?

A

incorporate cognitive training, use clear and concise instructions, and allow adequate time for learning and adaptation

will take more repetition, more memory, and more attention

33
Q

what are the factors that affect motor learning across the lifespan? explain each.

A

cognitive: working memory, attention, and processing speed
physical: strength, flexibility, and coordination
emotional: motivation, self-efficacy, and stress
environmental: complexity of the task, distractions, and context

34
Q

why is understanding the factors that affect motor learning important for PT?

A

recognize and address these factors to optimize motor learning for pts of all ages

want to challenge motor skills but also take into consideration these changes to optimize safety

35
Q

what neurological factors affect motor learning?

A

brain injury: stroke, TBI
neurodegenerative diseases: Parkinson’s disease, MS, or Alzheimer’s
developmental disorders: cerebral palsy, autism, or developmental coordination disorder

36
Q

what impact for neurological factors have on motor learning?

A

impaired neural plasticity, difficulty acquiring and retaining motor skills, altered movement strategies

37
Q

why is understanding the neurological factors that affect motor learning important for PT?

A

adapt interventions and treatment plans to accommodate neurological factors that may impede motor learning

38
Q

what are the factors of stroke that affect motor learning?

A

hemiparesis (challenges performance of motor task and limits practice), sensory deficits (disrupt proprioceptive tactile feedback, can’t increase learning from feedback), cognitive impairments (impacts attention and memory), and spasticity

39
Q

what strategies help optimize motor learning for those who have suffered from stroke?

A

task-specific training: individual practice of the task. enhances the relevance and transferability of motor learning and enables more effective improvement

constraint-induced movement therapy: restricting unaffected limb movement, encouraging the affected limbs movement and promotes motor learning

mental practice: mentally rehearsing movements

40
Q

why is understanding the affect that stroke has on motor learning important for PT?

A

understand the unique challenges face by stroke survivors and adapt interventions accordingly to enhance motor learning

41
Q

what are the factors of Parkinson’s disease that affect motor learning?

A

bradykinesia (slowing of movement), rigidity (muscle tone), cognitive decline, and postural instability

42
Q

what strategies help optimize motor learning for those who have Parkinson’s Disease?

A

external cueing (visual, auditory or tactile), high-intensity exercise (promotes neuroplasticity), and goal-directed training

43
Q

why is understanding the affect that Parkinson’s disease has on motor learning important for PT?

A

recognize the specific motor learning challenges in Parkinson’s disease and adapt interventions to improve motor control and function

44
Q

what are the factors of cerebral palsy that affect motor learning?

A

muscle weakness, spasticity, impaired motor planning, and sensory deficits

45
Q

what strategies help optimize motor learning for those who have Cerebral Palsy?

A

task-oriented training (practicing task over and over), strengthening exercises, and sensory integration therapy (helps improve brain processing of sensory information)

46
Q

why is understanding the affect that Cerebral Palsy has on motor learning important for PT?

A

understand the unique motor learning challenges faced by individuals with cerebral palsy and adapt interventions to promote functional independence

Motor Control - Aubree (5 decks)

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