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AP PSYCH Vocab + Concepts > Unit 3 Vocab + Concepts > Flashcards

Unit 3 Vocab + Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific study of the links between biological and psychological processes.

A

biological psychology

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2
Q

A nerve cell; the basic building blocks of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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3
Q

A neurons bushy branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

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4
Q

The neurori extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands

A

Axon

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5
Q

Fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the acorns of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one sausage like node to the next

A

Myelin sheath

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6
Q

The neural impulses; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

A

Action potential

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7
Q

a period of inactivity after a neuron has fired

A

Refractory period

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8
Q

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron. The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft

A

Synapse

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9
Q

Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse

A

Nuerotransmitters

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10
Q

A neurotransmitters re absorption by the sending neuron

A

Reuptake

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11
Q

F-enables muscle action, learning, and memory
Malfunctions-with Alzheimer’s disease these neurons producing this deteriorate

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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12
Q

F-influences movement, leaning, attention, and emotion
MF- oversupply linked to schizophrenia. Under supply linked to tremors and decreased mobility in Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine

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13
Q

F-affect es mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
MF- undersupply linked to depression, some antidepressants raise these levels

A

Serotonin

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14
Q

F-helps control alertness and arousal
MF- undersupply can depress mood

A

Norepinephrine

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15
Q

F- a major inhibitory neurotransmitter
MF- undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia

A

GABA (gamma-amino uteri called acid)

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16
Q

F-a major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory
MF- oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines and seizures

A

Glutamate

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17
Q

“Morphine within” -natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

A

Endorphins

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18
Q

A molecule that, bu binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response (in drugs)

A

Agonist

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19
Q

A molecule that binds to a receptor site and inhibits or blocks a response

A

Antagonist

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20
Q

The brain and spinal chord make up

A

The central nervous system

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21
Q

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

A

Peripheral nervous system

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22
Q

Bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs

A

Nerves

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23
Q

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal chord

A

Sensory neurons

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24
Q

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal chord to muscles and glands

A

Motor neurons

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25
Q

Neurons within the Brian and spinal chord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

Interneurons

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26
Q

The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system

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27
Q

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. It’s sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

A

Autonomic nervous system

28
Q

The division of the automatic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations (fight or flight)

A

Sympathetic nervous system

29
Q

The two nervous systems

A

Central and peripheral

30
Q

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

31
Q

The two parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

Autonomic system and somatic system

32
Q

the two parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

33
Q

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

A

endocrine system

34
Q

Part of endocrine glands that sit above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

A

Adrenal glands

35
Q

The endocrine system’s most influential gland under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

A

Pituitary gland

36
Q

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brains surface. These waves are measured by the electrodes placed on the scalp

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

37
Q

A series of x-ray photographs taken from different angels and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brains structure

A

CT (computer tomography) scan

38
Q

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes when the Brian performs a given task

A

PET (position emission tomography) scan

39
Q

A technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. These scans show brain anatomy

A

MRI Scan (magnetic resonance imaging)

40
Q

A technique for revealing blood flow and brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. These scans show brain function as well as structure

A

fMRI (Functional MRI)

41
Q

The oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; this part is responsible for automatic survival functions

A

Brain stem

42
Q

The base of the brainstem-controls heartbeat and breathing

A

Medulla

43
Q

The brains sensory control center, located on top of the brain stem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas int he cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla- also helps with smell

A

Thalamus

44
Q

Sits above medulla and helps correlate movement and regulate sleep

A

Pons

45
Q

A nerve network that travels through the brainstem and thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal

A

Reticular formation

46
Q

The “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement, balance and posture output and balance, and enabling leaning and memory

A

Cerebellum

47
Q

Neural system that included the hippocampus amygdala and hypothalamus - located below the cerebral hemispheres and associated with emotions and drives

A

Limbic systems

48
Q

Two lima-bean-sized neuron clusters in the limbic system-linked to emotion- has a role in rage and fear

A

Amygdala

49
Q

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via pituitary glands and is linked to emotion and reward

A

Hypothalamus

50
Q

Consciousness lies here, decision making and reasoning

A

Frontal lobe

51
Q

Vision and visual association areas

A

Occipital lobe

52
Q

Movement and stimulus perception-speech taste reading somatosensory areas

A

Parietal lobe

53
Q

Speech recognition, hearing, auditory association areas

A

Temporal lobe

54
Q

Located in the left frontal lobe and is responsible for speech

A

Broca’s Area

55
Q

Located in the right frontal lobe and is responsible for language

A

Wernicke’s area

56
Q

Located in the frontal lobe and responsible for voluntary movement

A

Motor cortex

57
Q

Located in the occipital lobe, responsible for visual signals and process

A

Visual cortex

58
Q

Located in the parietal lobe, responsible for visual and auditory interpretation and language

A

Angular Gyrus

59
Q

Located in the parietal lobe, responsible for sensation

A

Sensory cortex

60
Q

Linked to memory

A

Hippocampus

61
Q

Axon fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

62
Q

Pathway for neural fibers traveling to and from brain; controls simple reflexes

A

Spinal cord

63
Q

The intricacies fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and informations processing center

A

Cerebral cortex

64
Q

Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons; they may also play a role in learning and thinking

A

Glial cells

65
Q

Area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

A

Somatosensory cortex

66
Q

Ares of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions but rather in higher mental functions such as learning, thinking, remembering, and speaking

A

Association areas

AP PSYCH Vocab + Concepts (5 decks)

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