Unit 3 Vocab Flashcards
genotype
The set of alleles an organism inherits
allele
Versions of a gene that arise through mutation
meiosis
Cell division that occurs in sex cells
Gametes
Egg and sperm cells
Genome
The complete set of genes in an organism
Mitosis
Cell division that occurs in all body cells
Homologous chromosomes
The matching chromosomes a person inherits from their mother and father
Independent assortment
A process that increases genetic diversity during meiosis
Germline cells
Cells that divide to produce gametes
Zygote
The cell formed when an egg and sperm meet
Somatic cells
Body cells (hair, skin, brain, bone, etc)
Crossing over
the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Pedigree
a chart that shows an ancestral line; line of descent; lineage; ancestry
Heterozygous
containing two different alleles for a particular trait
Chromosomes
the genetic information of a trait
DNA Fingerpainting
the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids, especially when conducted in order to identify individuals.
Recessive Allele
an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when it’s paired with an identical allele.
Homozygous
refers to a pair of genes where it has two of the same allele
Karyotype
the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
Dominant allele
is the phenomenon of one variant of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.
