Unit 3: Virtue Ethics Flashcards
A moral structure wherein hypotheses underline the purpose and significance of one’s character and virtue so as to evaluate the integrity of their actions
Virtue Ethics
Considered the best philosopher in old philosophy
Aritotle
Aristotle built his own school, the […]
Lyceum
In Aristotle’s theory of ethics, he centered on discussing excellence and character or […]
what makes a human life good or worth living
A Greek expression that signifies “last reason”, implying reason, objective, end, or genuine last capacity of an object
Telos
The ethical theory that considers reason to be the “end” of one’s obligation and good commitment depend on what is acceptable or attractive result
Teleology
Additionally known to be a consequentialist theory
Teleology
All things have purposes, objectives, or ends which must be accomplished to its benefit
Capacity Argument
The need to realize one’s actual function to have the option to accomplish goodness or greatness
Intellectual Virtue
Aristotle states in […] that virtue is a mean
Nicomachean Ethics
Dubbed as the “Universal Teacher” for his two notable works of art […] and […]
St. Thomas Aquinas
- Summa Theologiae
- Summa Contra Gentiles
The 4 types of laws according to Aquinas
- Eternal Law
- Divine Law
- Human Law
- Natural Law
Type of Law
Indistinguishable from the brain of God; everlasting however confused by the human brain
Eternal Law
Type of Law
Originated from the disclosure of God to people written in the Testaments
Divine Law
Type of Law
Formulated by a human explanation as indicated by geological, social, and historical conditions
Human Law
Type of Law
Administers everything in nature and the establishment of pragmatic thinking human law
Natural Law
Aquinas: […] is our natural comprehension and tendency to do certain things normally
Natural Law
The 3 universal moral principles (Aquinas)
- All-inclusive standards are consistent with each individual who has arrived at the time of reason as a general rule
- All-inclusive rules that with certain reflections can be reached from the main standards
- Widespread rules that are not handily seen by individuals so a savvy educator must assistance clarify it
How can we achieve joy (Aquinas)?
Once we have recognized and achieved our ultimate objective from different methods
The 4 cardinal virtues (Aquinas: Summa Theologiae)
- Prudence
- Temperance
- Courage
- Justice
Cardinal Virtue
Reasonability is the righteousness of scholarly fitness or capacity to do certain things mentally and sanely
Prudence
Cardinal Virtue
Restraint is the temperance of refining our methods of making the most of our real wants
Temperance
Cardinal Virtue
Limiting feelings of trepidation while figuring out how to bear preposterous hunger for wild activities
Courage
Cardinal Virtue
Centered on making people productive members of society
Justice
The ethicalness that administers our connection with others and the state
Equity
The 2 kinds of equity
- Commutative
- Distributive
Kind of Equity
Justice between common individual residents
Commutative
Kind of Equity
Equity as the aggregate activities of the individuals from the state
Distributive
A German philosopher whose way of thinking on the goodwill and categorical imperative is established in utilizing an individual’s capacity to reason
Immanuel Kant
Serves as a premise or rule on how and why we act
Maxim
Restrictive orders dependent on your applicable wants
Hypothetical Imperatives
An all-inclusive moral guideline that is unqualified, objective, and soundly essential
Categorical Imperative
Formulation of Categorical Imperative
A person must act just as indicated by the adage which you can simultaneously will that it should turn into an all-inclusive law without logical inconsistency
The Universality Principle
Formulation of Categorical Imperative
Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of the other, always as an end, and never as a mere means
Formula of Humanity
What caused you to do the action determines whether you are good or bad
Motivation
Privileges to play out specific activities, or not to be in sure states, or qualifications that other play out specific activities or not be in sure states
Rights
A fundamental good ensure that individuals in all nations and societies have basically on the ground that they are individuals
Human Rights
(Nickel)
Rights that are granted to any human simply because they are human
Moral Rights
Rights that are granted to people under a legal system
Legal Rights
States that only rights that exist are legal rights that exist in the legal system
Legal Positivism
Relies on the philosophical claim that moral order exists and applies to everyone, everywhere, anytime, or the moral universalism
Human Rights Doctrine
Also called the “benefit theory” which believes that the foundation of moral rights is everyone’s basic duty to respect the interest of others
Interest Theory
Also known as the “choice theory” which believes that anyone can claim or waive their own rights
Will Theory
The 3 natural rights
- Right to Life
- Right to Property
- Right to Liberty
Believes in the principle that happiness is an intrinsic value that every human aspires for; therefore, it drives our morality
Utilitarianism
The 2 elements of utilitarianism
- Value Theory
- Theory of Right Action
The 2 frameworks of utilitarianism
- Act Utilitarianism
- Rule Utilitarianism
The 3 impacts of utilitarianism
- Impact on Law
- Impact on Politics
- Impact on Economics
