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GE 8: Ethics > Unit 3: Virtue Ethics > Flashcards

Unit 3: Virtue Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

A moral structure wherein hypotheses underline the purpose and significance of one’s character and virtue so as to evaluate the integrity of their actions

A

Virtue Ethics

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2
Q

Considered the best philosopher in old philosophy

A

Aritotle

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3
Q

Aristotle built his own school, the […]

A

Lyceum

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4
Q

In Aristotle’s theory of ethics, he centered on discussing excellence and character or […]

A

what makes a human life good or worth living

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5
Q

A Greek expression that signifies “last reason”, implying reason, objective, end, or genuine last capacity of an object

A

Telos

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6
Q

The ethical theory that considers reason to be the “end” of one’s obligation and good commitment depend on what is acceptable or attractive result

A

Teleology

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7
Q

Additionally known to be a consequentialist theory

A

Teleology

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8
Q

All things have purposes, objectives, or ends which must be accomplished to its benefit

A

Capacity Argument

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9
Q

The need to realize one’s actual function to have the option to accomplish goodness or greatness

A

Intellectual Virtue

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10
Q

Aristotle states in […] that virtue is a mean

A

Nicomachean Ethics

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11
Q

Dubbed as the “Universal Teacher” for his two notable works of art […] and […]

A

St. Thomas Aquinas
- Summa Theologiae
- Summa Contra Gentiles

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12
Q

The 4 types of laws according to Aquinas

A
  • Eternal Law
  • Divine Law
  • Human Law
  • Natural Law
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13
Q

Type of Law

Indistinguishable from the brain of God; everlasting however confused by the human brain

A

Eternal Law

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14
Q

Type of Law

Originated from the disclosure of God to people written in the Testaments

A

Divine Law

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15
Q

Type of Law

Formulated by a human explanation as indicated by geological, social, and historical conditions

A

Human Law

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16
Q

Type of Law

Administers everything in nature and the establishment of pragmatic thinking human law

A

Natural Law

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17
Q

Aquinas: […] is our natural comprehension and tendency to do certain things normally

A

Natural Law

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18
Q

The 3 universal moral principles (Aquinas)

A
  • All-inclusive standards are consistent with each individual who has arrived at the time of reason as a general rule
  • All-inclusive rules that with certain reflections can be reached from the main standards
  • Widespread rules that are not handily seen by individuals so a savvy educator must assistance clarify it
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19
Q

How can we achieve joy (Aquinas)?

A

Once we have recognized and achieved our ultimate objective from different methods

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20
Q

The 4 cardinal virtues (Aquinas: Summa Theologiae)

A
  • Prudence
  • Temperance
  • Courage
  • Justice
21
Q

Cardinal Virtue

Reasonability is the righteousness of scholarly fitness or capacity to do certain things mentally and sanely

A

Prudence

22
Q

Cardinal Virtue

Restraint is the temperance of refining our methods of making the most of our real wants

A

Temperance

23
Q

Cardinal Virtue

Limiting feelings of trepidation while figuring out how to bear preposterous hunger for wild activities

A

Courage

24
Q

Cardinal Virtue

Centered on making people productive members of society

A

Justice

25
Q

The ethicalness that administers our connection with others and the state

A

Equity

26
Q

The 2 kinds of equity

A
  • Commutative
  • Distributive
27
Q

Kind of Equity

Justice between common individual residents

A

Commutative

28
Q

Kind of Equity

Equity as the aggregate activities of the individuals from the state

A

Distributive

29
Q

A German philosopher whose way of thinking on the goodwill and categorical imperative is established in utilizing an individual’s capacity to reason

A

Immanuel Kant

30
Q

Serves as a premise or rule on how and why we act

A

Maxim

31
Q

Restrictive orders dependent on your applicable wants

A

Hypothetical Imperatives

32
Q

An all-inclusive moral guideline that is unqualified, objective, and soundly essential

A

Categorical Imperative

33
Q

Formulation of Categorical Imperative

A person must act just as indicated by the adage which you can simultaneously will that it should turn into an all-inclusive law without logical inconsistency

A

The Universality Principle

34
Q

Formulation of Categorical Imperative

Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of the other, always as an end, and never as a mere means

A

Formula of Humanity

35
Q

What caused you to do the action determines whether you are good or bad

A

Motivation

36
Q

Privileges to play out specific activities, or not to be in sure states, or qualifications that other play out specific activities or not be in sure states

A

Rights

37
Q

A fundamental good ensure that individuals in all nations and societies have basically on the ground that they are individuals

A

Human Rights
(Nickel)

38
Q

Rights that are granted to any human simply because they are human

A

Moral Rights

39
Q

Rights that are granted to people under a legal system

A

Legal Rights

40
Q

States that only rights that exist are legal rights that exist in the legal system

A

Legal Positivism

41
Q

Relies on the philosophical claim that moral order exists and applies to everyone, everywhere, anytime, or the moral universalism

A

Human Rights Doctrine

42
Q

Also called the “benefit theory” which believes that the foundation of moral rights is everyone’s basic duty to respect the interest of others

A

Interest Theory

43
Q

Also known as the “choice theory” which believes that anyone can claim or waive their own rights

A

Will Theory

44
Q

The 3 natural rights

A
  • Right to Life
  • Right to Property
  • Right to Liberty
45
Q

Believes in the principle that happiness is an intrinsic value that every human aspires for; therefore, it drives our morality

A

Utilitarianism

46
Q

The 2 elements of utilitarianism

A
  • Value Theory
  • Theory of Right Action
47
Q

The 2 frameworks of utilitarianism

A
  • Act Utilitarianism
  • Rule Utilitarianism
48
Q

The 3 impacts of utilitarianism

A
  • Impact on Law
  • Impact on Politics
  • Impact on Economics

GE 8: Ethics (4 decks)

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