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health disease & aging > unit 3- theories of aging > Flashcards

unit 3- theories of aging Flashcards

1
Q

theories of aging must explain, (4)
hint: M.o.C.A
C vs B
A.V. w.P
C.i.L.E.OT

A

meaning of chronological age
chronological vs biological
age variability within a population
change in life expect. over time

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2
Q

biological theories of aging; from narrow to broad focus

A

genetic, molecular/cellular, system

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3
Q

GENETIC LEVEL theories of aging addresses: (3)

A

changes and errors in DNA
1-apoptosis
2- stochastic processes
3. failed DNA repair

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4
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
definition of APOPTOSIS

A

-programmed cell death.
ex. T cells in immune system

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5
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
true or false: defective apoptotic process will lead to cancer

A

TRUE

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6
Q

GENETIC LEVEL Cellular aging;
cells seem to replicate a __ number of times

A

finite, cellular senescence

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7
Q

GENETIC LEVEL cellular aging,
the # of replications are regulated by ___

A

telomere length.

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8
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
telomeres are ___ of DNA,
with every cell division, they get ____,

A

end caps
shorter

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9
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
which process is responsible for random processes

A

stochastic process

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10
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
____ may be a function of random ____ errors

A

aging
stochastic

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11
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
hayflick: ___ can ___ a ____ number of times without ___

A

cells
replicate
limited
error

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12
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
what makes a healthy cell

A

rate of dna damage = rate of repair

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13
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
what makes a diseased cell

A

rate of dna damage greater than rate of repair

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14
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
causes of dna damage

A

cellular metabolism
uv light exposure
chemical exposure
replication errors

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15
Q

GENETIC LEVEL
effects of dna damage

A

cell cycle checkpoint activation
transcripted program activation
DNA repair
apoptosis

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16
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
address damage to cell (3)
hint MLH

A

1- metabolic generation of oxidative species
- (free radical theory)
2- lipofuscin accumulation
-(junk accumulation theory)
3- heat shock proteins malfunction
-(decreased repair capacity)

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17
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
oxidative stress.
___ are generated during ____

A

free radicals
oxidation process (metabolism)

18
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
free radicals/reactive oxygen species can interfere with _________ (M.F)

A

molecular functioning (causes protein unfolding)

19
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
oxidative stress
reactive oxygen species ___ with age due to ___

A

increases
greater free radical generation
decrease anti oxidant production
decreased ability to repair ROS damage

20
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
L.A.T
(1) definition of lipofuscin, (2) where is it found,
(3) where does it accumulate, (4) what disposes of it

A

1- waste matter
2- almost all cell types
3- aging cells
4- liposomal enzymes

21
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
accumulation of ___ may reflect ____

A

lipofuscin
metabolism
(caloric restriction decreases it)

22
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
HSPs & what they do

A

heat shock proteins
assist in protein synthesis & repair

23
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
HSP ___ cells from ___ by (2) (R&R)

A

protects
stressors

regulating enzymatic repair processes
refolding damaged protein

24
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
HSP role in inflammatory process

A

recruit immune system cells
control inflammation (+ apoptosis to prevent necrosis)

25
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
HSP can be considered an ___ ____ because they ____________

A

aging decelerator
repair damage common with aging

26
Q

MOLECULAR/CELLULAR LEVEL
errors in HSP gene transcription may cause _____ with ____

A

HSP dysfunction
age

= decreases repair capacity

27
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
biological theories at system level (3) (H,W,S)

A

1- homeostasis disturbance
2- wear & tear
3- stress

28
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
Homeostasis definition

A

body or cells ability to maintain condition of EQUILIBRIUM & STABILITY in internal environment when dealing with external changes

29
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
examples of homeostasis maintenances

A

blood pH (7.4)
blood pressure
heart rate
temperature
electrolyte + fluid balance

30
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
true or false: with age, it becomes harder to maintain homeostasis

A

true

31
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
3 difficulties to maintain homeostasis with age (D, T, TOS)

A

1- decline in production of regulatory hormones
2- target organs are less responsive to stimulus
3- target organs synthesize less product in response to regulatory stimulus

32
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
wear & tear

A

cells & organs vital parts wear out after years of use

33
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
what could explain osteoarthritis being common in old age

A

wear & tear

34
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
challenges of wear & tear

A

bed rest = dysfunction
use it or lose it

35
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
stress accumulation

A

prolonged stress = increased rate of aging
(psychological & physiological)

36
Q

SYSTEM LEVEL
stress accumulation mechanism
what stress related hormones may have a toxic effect

A

adrenaline (increase HR & BP)
cortisol (increase BP & glucose level)

37
Q

2 psychological theories of aging

A

classic (internal vs external forces)
modern (internal & external determinants of aging)

38
Q

Modern theories of aging (4) (L.C,G.O,P.F.O,C.D)

A

-focus on conscious choice rather than predetermined or universal change

  1. life course
    2- goal oriented
    3- post formal operations
    4- conscious development
39
Q

modern theories of aging #2 G.O

A

-age is a process
-successful aging = selection, optimization & compensation model

40
Q

modern theories of aging #2 G.O
S.O.C

A

selection (of goal)
optimization (of performance by devoting resources)
compensation (for deficiencies)

41
Q

CONSCIOUS DEVELOPMENT

A

increased mindfulness with age
(more awareness, openness to new info)

increase freedom from social & biological conditioning (aware of negative characteristics)

health disease & aging (4 decks)

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