Unit 3 - The Remarkable Body Flashcards
What are the body fluids?
Blood
Lymph
The human body is composed of…
Trillions of cells
What is the role of body fluids?
Supply tissues with energy, oxygen, and nutrients;
Circulate to pick up fresh supplies and deliver wastes for disposal
Where does blood travel?
In the arteries, veins, and capillaries
Where does lymph travel?
From the small intestine (via the lymphatic system) to the thoracic duct
What does lymph carry?
Fat soluble nutrients
How does blood return to the heart?
Through the veins
What do the lungs do?
Remove carbon dioxide in exchange for oxygen
What happens when blood circulates to the kidneys?
The blood is filtered by nephrons, removing wastes which are excreted as urine
What are hormones?
Act as chemical messengers between systems of cells;
Secreted by glands and released into the blood;
Regulate hunger and affect appetite
Why do we lose our appetite when sick?
Due to altered hormonal states
What is the Nervous System?
Body’s other major communication system;
Brain and spinal cord are central controllers;
Sends messages to instruct muscles and glands in what to do
What is the role of the Cortex of the brain?
Perceives the sensations of hunger and appetite
What is the role of the Hypothalamus of the brain?
Monitors the availability of nutrients and water inside the body
Define Digestion
The breakdown of nutrients into their smallest subunits for absorption into the body
Where does digestion begin?
In the mouth
What is Mechanical Digestion?
Chewing foods to break it down into more manageable pieces
What is Chemical Digestion?
Breaking down of food using saliva -
Saliva contains starch-digesting enzymes that start to break down carbohydrates;
Saliva contains some fat-digesting enzymes;
Saliva coats the food, making it slide easily down the esophagus
What is Gastric Juice?
A mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and fluid;
Initiates protein digestion;
Helps to protect the body against food borne illness by killing microorganisms
What causes heartburn?
The back flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
How long does it take for food to move from the mouth to the small intestine?
A few hours
Define Emulsify
The process of mixing lipid (fat) and water by adding an emulsifier (an emulsifier can help fats and oils combine with water because it has water-soluble and fat-soluble portions)
What is the intestinal tract lined with?
Villi and microvilli
What is the path of digestion?
Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine (Colon) - Rectum
How long does it take for food to go from the mouth to the rectum?
1 to 3 days
Where is fat stored?
Fat cells or adipose tissue
Where are carbohydrates stored?
As glycogen in the liver and muscle
What does bone store?
Calcium and phosphorus
What is one alcoholic drink?
12 oz beer
5 oz wine
1.5 oz hard liquor
