Unit 3 - The Remarkable Body

Question 0

What are the body fluids?

Answer 0

Blood

Lymph

Question 1

The human body is composed of…

Answer 1

Trillions of cells

Question 2

What is the role of body fluids?

Answer 2

Supply tissues with energy, oxygen, and nutrients;

Circulate to pick up fresh supplies and deliver wastes for disposal

Question 3

Where does blood travel?

Answer 3

In the arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 4

Where does lymph travel?

Answer 4

From the small intestine (via the lymphatic system) to the thoracic duct

Question 5

What does lymph carry?

Answer 5

Fat soluble nutrients

Question 6

How does blood return to the heart?

Answer 6

Through the veins

Question 7

What do the lungs do?

Answer 7

Remove carbon dioxide in exchange for oxygen

Question 8

What happens when blood circulates to the kidneys?

Answer 8

The blood is filtered by nephrons, removing wastes which are excreted as urine

Question 9

What are hormones?

Answer 9

Act as chemical messengers between systems of cells;
Secreted by glands and released into the blood;
Regulate hunger and affect appetite

Question 10

Why do we lose our appetite when sick?

Answer 10

Due to altered hormonal states

Question 11

What is the Nervous System?

Answer 11

Body’s other major communication system;
Brain and spinal cord are central controllers;
Sends messages to instruct muscles and glands in what to do

Question 12

What is the role of the Cortex of the brain?

Answer 12

Perceives the sensations of hunger and appetite

Question 13

What is the role of the Hypothalamus of the brain?

Answer 13

Monitors the availability of nutrients and water inside the body

Question 14

Define Digestion

Answer 14

The breakdown of nutrients into their smallest subunits for absorption into the body

Question 15

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 15

In the mouth

Question 16

What is Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 16

Chewing foods to break it down into more manageable pieces

Question 17

What is Chemical Digestion?

Answer 17

Breaking down of food using saliva -
Saliva contains starch-digesting enzymes that start to break down carbohydrates;
Saliva contains some fat-digesting enzymes;
Saliva coats the food, making it slide easily down the esophagus

Question 18

What is Gastric Juice?

Answer 18

A mixture of hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and fluid;
Initiates protein digestion;
Helps to protect the body against food borne illness by killing microorganisms

Question 19

What causes heartburn?

Answer 19

The back flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

Question 20

How long does it take for food to move from the mouth to the small intestine?

Answer 20

A few hours

Question 21

Define Emulsify

Answer 21

The process of mixing lipid (fat) and water by adding an emulsifier (an emulsifier can help fats and oils combine with water because it has water-soluble and fat-soluble portions)

Question 22

What is the intestinal tract lined with?

Answer 22

Villi and microvilli

Question 23

What is the path of digestion?

Answer 23

Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine (Colon) - Rectum

Question 24

How long does it take for food to go from the mouth to the rectum?

Answer 24

1 to 3 days

Question 25

Where is fat stored?

Answer 25

Fat cells or adipose tissue

Question 26

Where are carbohydrates stored?

Answer 26

As glycogen in the liver and muscle

Question 27

What does bone store?

Answer 27

Calcium and phosphorus

Question 28

What is one alcoholic drink?

Answer 28

12 oz beer
5 oz wine
1.5 oz hard liquor