Unit 1 - Food Choices and Human Health

Question 0

Nutrition is the study of…

Answer 0

The nutrients in foods;
How nutrients are used in the body;
And human behaviours related to food

Question 1

Define Health

Answer 1

The state of a human when it functions optimally without evidence of disease or abnormality

Question 2

Define Diet

Answer 2

The foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks

Question 3

Define Food

Answer 3

Any substance that the body can take in and assimilate that will enable it to stay alive and healthy

Question 4

What are some examples of chronic diseases?

Answer 4

Diabetes
Heart disease
Dental disease
Adult bone loss
Some types of cancer

Question 5

Define Nutritional Genomics

Answer 5

The science of how nutrients affect the activities of genes and how genes affect the activity of nutrients

Question 6

Define Nutrients

Answer 6

Components in food that are indispensable (or essential) to the functioning of the body

Question 7

What are the roles of nutrients?

Answer 7

Provide energy and building material;
Help maintain or repair the body;
Support growth

Question 8

What are the 6 classes of nutrients?

Answer 8

Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Water
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 9

What 2 groups are nutrients divided into?

Answer 9

Energy providing

Other nutrients or Non-energy containing

Question 10

Which nutrient classes are energy providing?

Answer 10

Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein

Question 11

Which nutrient classes do not contain energy?

Answer 11

Water
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 12

Define Essential Nutrients

Answer 12

The nutrients that the body cannot make for itself from other raw materials

Question 13

What are the 8 essential amino acids?

Answer 13

Threonine
Valine
Tryptophan 
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Phenylalanine 
Methionine

Question 14

What are the 2 essential fatty acids?

Answer 14

Linoleic acid

Linolenic acid

Question 15

Which vitamins are essential?

Answer 15

A, D, E (fat soluble)
K (conditional)
All water soluble vitamins

Question 16

Which minerals are essential?

Answer 16

All

Question 17

Define Conditionally Essential Nutrients

Answer 17

Nutrients that the body cannot make enough of to meet the requirements for health

Question 18

Give an example of a conditionally essential nutrient

Answer 18

The amino acid histidine during periods of growth

Question 19

Define Non-essential Nutrients

Answer 19

Nutrients that the body can make for itself, so does not have to rely on food intake to get them
Example: some amino acids, some fatty acids

Question 20

What is food energy measured in?

Answer 20

Calories

Cal/g = kcal/g

Question 21

Carbohydrate (CHO) provide us with how much food energy?

Answer 21

4 Cal/g

Question 22

How much food energy does fat (lipid) provide us with?

Answer 22

9 Cal/g

Question 23

How much food energy does protein provide us with?

Answer 23

4 Cal/g

Question 24

How much food energy does alcohol provide us with?

Answer 24

7 Cal/g

although alcohol provides energy, it is NOT a nutrient

Question 25

What is food quantity measured in?

Answer 25

Grams

Question 26

What are the 5 characteristics of a healthy diet?

Answer 26

Adequate - in essential nutrients, fibre, and energy
Balance - in nutrients and food types
Calorie Control - foods provide amount of energy to maintain healthy body weight
Moderation - in fat, salt, sugar, and other unwanted constituents
Variety - choose different foods each day

Question 27

What factors play a role in the foods we choose?

Answer 27

Availability, cost, convenience;
Emotional, social, cultural factors;
Media advertising;
Habit, positive association;
Weight, nutritional value

Question 28

What 3 dietary guides were used in this course?

Answer 28

Eating Well with Canada’s Food Guide (CFG);
Nutrition Recommendations for Canadians;
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)

Question 29

Define Nutrient Density

Answer 29

A measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food

Question 30

What are the 4 common research designs used in nutrition research?

Answer 30

Case studies - individuals
Epidemiological study - populations
Intervention study - populations with manipulation
Laboratory study - tightly controlled conditions