Unit 3: The Progressive Era Flashcards
What are the four goals of progressivism?
- Protecting social welfare 2. Promoting moral improvement 3. Creating economic reform 4. Fostering efficiency
What did protecting social welfare do?
Softened the harsh conditions of industrialization
What did the Young Men’s Christian Association do? (YMCA)
Opened libraries, sponsored classes, built swimming pools, and it was a place for young men (YMCA Song)
What did the Salvation Army do?
Fed poor in soup kitchens and sent “slum brigades” to instruct poor immigrants in middle-class values of hard work and temperance
Who was Florence Kelley and what did he do?
An advocate for improving lives of women and children, she helped pass state laws banning child labor and was appointed chief inspector of Illinois
What is the temperance movement?
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
Which three groups dominated the temperance movement?
The prohibition party, Women’s Christian temperance Union (WCTU), and the Anti-Saloon League
What is Prohibition?
A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
Who was one of the biggest leaders of the WCTU?
Carry Nation
What did the WCTU do?
They entered saloons singing, praying, and urging saloon owners to stop selling alcohol. They also worked to open kindergartens for immigrants, visited prisoners, and worked in the suffrage movement
What did the Anti Saloon League believe and do?
They believed that immigrants were the cause of the alcoholism , and they worked to pass laws to force people to change and punish those who drank
Who were the muckrakers?
Mostly journalists who uncover wrongdoings
What is scientific management?
Breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts
How did women lead reform?
The educated women applied their knowledge and skills to the reform movement, including suffrage, and the uneducated started reforms in the workplace
What is “social housekeeping?”
Targeted to workplace reform, housing reform, educational and food improvement, and drug laws
What was the National association of Colored Women (NACW)?
They were involved in the a pains in favor of women’s suffrage, against lynching, and against Jim Crow laws. The founders were Ida B Wells and Harriet Tubman: the most important African American women’s movement group
What is suffrage?
The right to vote
How long did women’s movement groups fight for suffrage?
70 years
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A skilled speaker and writer who helped create the National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Who was Susan B Anthony?
A tireless strategist and organizer who helped form NAWSA
When did the women’s suffrage movement begin?
1848 Seneca Falls convention
Which amendments did women fight with for their suffrage?
The 14th and 15th which states that African American men are equal to white men, but women still were not
Who were some of the leaders of NAWSA?
Susan B Anthony, Elisabeth Cady Stanton, (Lucy stone, Julia Ward Howe) (later)
When did Anthony lead a group of women to the polls and insisted to vote?
1872
What is civil disobedience?
The nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change it
Who opposed the women’s suffrage movement?
Men, the liquor industry, and the textile industry
What was the three part strategy for suffrage?
Target individual states 2. Test the 14th Amendment 3. National Constitutional amendment
What did the National Women suffrage association do?
Worked on a state level to win voting rights
What did the fourteenth amendment say?
The states would lose congressional representation if their male citizens were denied the right to vote
What did The Supreme Court rule about the 14th Amendment?
Women were citizens, but citizenship doesn’t automatically mean right to vote
Who concentrated their efforts on a national constitutional amendment?
NAWSA
Why was pushing a national law so hard?
Because the Senate kept stalling and they couldn’t get enough votes in the congress. It was not revisited until 1913
Who were some 20th century leaders of NAWSA?
Carrie chapman Catt and Alice Paul
What were the 3 developments which helped women win suffrage?
- Increased activism of local groups 2. Use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm 3. Rebirth of national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt
What were Catt’s five tactics to winning suffrage?
- Organization 2. Close ties between local, state and national workers 3. Establishing a wide base of supporters of 4. Cautious lobbying 5. Gracious, lady like behavior
What was the nineteenth amendment?
The legislation in which granted women the right to vote in 1919
Who was Woodrow Wilson?
The twenty eighth president of the United States, he campaigned for a “new freedom” he was the governor of New Jersey and and was for stronger anti trust laws, banking reform and reduced tariffs
What was the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914?
It prohibited corporations from squiring the stock of another company if doing so would create a monopoly
What is the federal trade commission act of 1914?
It set up the federal trade commission
What is the federal trade commission?
Called the “watchdog” agency, it investigated possible violations, required reports from corporations, and helped end unfair business practices
What was the 16th amendment?
It legalized a federal income tax, taxing individual earnings and corporate profits
What is the Federal Reserve System? (the fed)
The u.s. Central banking system which divided the nation into twelve districts which in each established a central bank that issues U.S currency. It is also Wilton’s most lasting achievement
How was Wilson with Civil Rights?
He broke his promises of treating blacks equally which made the NAACP and the black and white supporters feel betrayed.
What is the progressive movement?
Aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct social injustices in American life
