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GEN CHEM - FINALS > Unit 3. The Chemistry of Engineering Materials > Flashcards

Unit 3. The Chemistry of Engineering Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

A ___ is a solid waste whose atoms are arranged in a “highly ordered”

A

crystal

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2
Q

A crystal is a solid waste whose atoms are arranged in a “highly ordered.” There patterns are called ___

A

crystal systems

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3
Q

A ___ is defined to be a repeating, regular array of atoms

A

crystal

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4
Q

Two parts treated separately:

A
  1. Fundamental repeating unit is referred to as the basis (atoms)
  2. Lattice point - position of atoms
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5
Q

Fundamental repeating unit is referred to as the ___

A

basis (atoms)

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6
Q

___ - position of atoms

A

Lattice point

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7
Q

___=LATTICE+BASIS

A

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

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8
Q

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE=___+____

A

LATTICE+BASIS

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9
Q

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE=___+____ (other term for lattice)

A

Bravais lattice + basis

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10
Q

They are the positions an atom, ion, of molecule can occupy in a crystal giving its shape and characteristics

A

Lattice points

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11
Q

Examples of Crystals?

A
  1. Citrine - optimism
  2. Turquoise - grounding
  3. Amethyst - sincerity
  4. Tiger’s Eye - harmonizing
  5. Clear Quartz - balance
  6. Obsidian - strength
  7. rose quartz - love
  8. jasper - empowering
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12
Q

Properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal

A

Liquid Crystals

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13
Q

other term for Liquid Crystals?

A

SOFT CRYSTALS

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14
Q

Lack of long range order of repeating

A

Liquid Crystals

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15
Q

Liquid Crystal Phase Changes

A
  1. Smectic molecules
  2. Nematic molecules
  3. Cholesteric molecules
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16
Q

Liquid Crystal Phase Changes that is parallel and in layers

A

Smectic molecules

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17
Q

Liquid Crystal Phase Changes that is parallel but not in layers

A

Nematic molecules

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18
Q

Liquid Crystal Phase Changes that is in helical layers

A

Cholesteric molecules

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19
Q

A theory that account for bond strength

A

Crystal Field Theory

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20
Q

accounts for both the color and magnetic properties

A

Crystal Field Theory

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21
Q

Explains bonding in terms of electrostatic interactions

A

Crystal Field Theory

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22
Q

The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals & their internal arrangements

A

Crystallography

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23
Q

Crystallography-geometric
description

A
  1. Isometric
  2. Hexagonal
  3. Tetragonal
  4. Trigonal
  5. Orthorhombic
  6. Monoclinic
  7. Triclinic
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24
Q

number of lattice in the system (cubic)

A

3

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25
Q

number of lattice in the system (tetragonal)

A

2

26
Q

number of lattice in the system (orthorhombic)

A

4

27
Q

number of lattice in the system (monoclinic)

A

2

28
Q

number of lattice in the system (triclinic)

A

1

29
Q

number of lattice in the system (trigonal)

A

1

30
Q

number of lattice in the system (hexagonal)

A

1

31
Q

Proposed to explain sharp angles and flat planes (“facets”) of naturally occurring crystals.

A

Auguste Bravais (1811-1863)

32
Q

Formed the foundation of the field of crystallography

A

Auguste Bravais (1811-1863)

33
Q

In 1848, French physicist (and crystallographer and applied mathematician) demonstrated that there were only 7 “types” of crystals, embodying14 distinct “symmetries”

A

Auguste Bravais (1811-1863)

34
Q

Auguste Bravais (1811-1863) demonstrated that there were only 7 “types” of crystals, embodying __ distinct “symmetries”

A

14

35
Q

The physical properties of single crystals of some substances depend on the crystallographic direction in which measurements are taken

A

Anisotropy

36
Q

This directionality of properties is associated with the variance of atomic or ionic spacing with crystallographic direction

A

Anisotropy

37
Q

2 Types of Structure of Crystals

A
  1. Crystalline Structure
  2. Noncrystalline Crystals
38
Q

what is included under the Crystalline Structure?

A
  • Single Crystals
  • Polycrystalline Crystals
39
Q

what is included under the Noncrystalline Crystals?

A

Amorphous Crystals

40
Q

It is the smallest unit of volume that permits identical cells to be stacked together to fill all space.

A

Crystalline Structure

41
Q

atoms are situated in a repeating or peodic array over large atomic distances

A

Crystalline Structure

42
Q

have highly defined and repeatable arrangements of molecular chains of atoms

A

Crystalline Structure

43
Q

These materials tend to have sharp melting points.

A

Crystalline Structure

44
Q

common example that tends to have sharp melting points. (Crystalline Structure)

A

diamonds

45
Q

what are the two Crystalline Structure Examples?

A
  1. SINGLE CRYSTALS
  2. POLYCRYSTALLINE CRYSTALS/POLYCRYSTALS
46
Q

the periodic and repeated arrangement of atoms is perfect or extends throughout

A

SINGLE CRYSTALS

47
Q

all unit cells interlock in the same way and have the same orientation.

A

SINGLE CRYSTALS

48
Q

They exist in nature, but they can also be produced artificially.

A

single crystals

49
Q

synthetic single crystals, especially ___ and ___, are used in solid-state electronic devices such as integrated circuits and light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

A

silicon and gallium arsenide

50
Q

composed of a collection of many small crystals or grains

A

POLYCRYSTALLINE CRYSTALS/POLYCRYSTALS

51
Q

The grains are separated by grain boundaries and normally have random crystallographic orientations.

A

POLYCRYSTALLINE CRYSTALS/POLYCRYSTALS

52
Q

the size of the grains may vary from nanometers to millimeters.

A

POLYCRYSTALLINE CRYSTALS/POLYCRYSTALS

53
Q

Atoms repeat almost perfectly for the entire material

A

Single Crystal

54
Q

Atoms repeat within a grain. Grains are separated by grain boundaries, where the repeating pattern changes direction.

A

Polycrystal

55
Q

most inorganic solids are ___, including all common metals, many ceramics, rocks, and ice.

A

polycrystalline

56
Q

___ have atoms with no periodic arrangement (random order)

A

Noncrystalline materials

57
Q

___ can result when you have complex structures

A

Noncrystalline material

58
Q

___ is another name for noncrystalline material

A

Amorphous material

59
Q

Have order only within a few atomic or molecular dimensions. They do not have any long-range order, but they have varying degrees of short-range order. Examples of amorphous materials include amorphous silicon, plastics, and glasses.

A

Amorphous (Non-crystalline) Solids

60
Q

small repeating units in a crystal

A

Unit cells

61
Q

basic structural unit or building block of the crystal structure

A

Unit cells

GEN CHEM - FINALS (3 decks)

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