Unit 3 Test Flashcards
1
Q
Assimilation & example
A
- Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant group blends in with the host culture and loses many culturally distinctive traits
- EX: US wanted to assimilate Native Americans in the 1800s and 1900s
2
Q
Ethnocentrism & example
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- evaluating other cultures by comparing them to one’s own; often judgmental
- EX: viewing people that use chopsticks as inferior and inconvenient compared to people that use forks
3
Q
Hierarchical diffusion & example
A
- diffusion through an influential person, organization or city
- Ex: a new fashion trend being shared by celebrities that becomes very popular
4
Q
Contagious diffusion & example
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- rapid spread of new idea
- EX: word of mouth/trending video through tik tok
5
Q
Stimulus diffusion & example
A
- when a cultural idea spreads and changes as it’s adopted by other cultures
- Ex: menus altering based on region/the idea of Mcdonalds is accepted in different parts of the world but the menu is altered
6
Q
Relocation diffusion & example
A
- diffusion through physical migration of people
- EX: Buddhism started in India but now has more followers in Thailand, Cambodia, and Myanmar
7
Q
Expansion Diffusion
A
- occurs when cultural traits spread from a core area to new places while remaining strong in the original location
- EX: Islam has spread throughout the world, yet stayed strong in the Middle East, where it was founded.
8
Q
Reverse hierarchical diffusion
A
- a process where cultural traits or ideas spread from lower social classes to higher social classes
- Ex: rise of urban street art and hip-hop culture
9
Q
Colonization & example
A
- The act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony
- Ex: The east coast of AMerica was colonized by England
10
Q
Centripetal forces & example
A
- a force that brings people together and unifies a neighborhood, society, or country
- Ex: shared language in Catalonia
11
Q
Centrifugal forces & example
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- a force that threatens the cohesion of a neighborhood, society, or country
- Ex: when two or more distinct religious groups occupy the same place (religion would be the centrifugal force)
12
Q
Cultural landscape & example
A
- geographical area that reflects the visible imprint of human activity on the land, showcasing how a culture has interacted with and modified their environment through elements such as architecture, land use patterns, agricultural practices, and religious sites
- Ex: long lot system (french system of land use where properties are shaped to maximize proximity to a road or river)
13
Q
Ethnic religion & example
A
- A religion identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group that does not seek converts
- Spread through relocation diffusion
- no known hearth/time period/starter
- landscape has religious value (hundu - ganges river)
- EX: Judaism (diaspora culture - as people has to move they brought their religion with them
14
Q
Universalizing Religions & example
A
- A religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application
- known start/founder
- Spread through hierarchical diffusion
- EX: Buddhism/christianity
15
Q
**Syncretism
A
- two cultures coming together to form a new cultural feature
16
Q
Lingua Franca & example
A
- a language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tongue
- EX: English is used for educational purposes
17
Q
** Creolized language & example
A
- Combined language with fuller vocabulary than pidgin + becomes native language. - - It is influenced by politics/social recognition
- EX: Haitian Creole
18
Q
Acculturation & example
A
- adjusting to a dominant culture while retaining features of a folk culture
- EX: amish balance maintaining folk culture while keeping folk traditions of shunning mechanical and electrical power
19
Q
Time Space Convergence
A
- the introduction of new transportation technologies progressively reduces the time it takes to travel between places
- increasing the connection between countries
- Creates transnational corporations
20
Q
Language families & example
A
- A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
- EX: romance languages like Italian and french
21
Q
** Diffusion of the Indo-European language family
A
- the largest and most widespread language daily is the Indo-European, which is spoken on all continents
- Contains French, English, Spanish, Hindi
22
Q
major world religions: Christianity
A
- world’s largest religion
- About ⅓ of the populations
- Many different groups of christianity
- Recognize the power of the Pope
23
Q
major world religions: Islam
A
- has split into separate groups (Muslims and Sunni Muslims)
- Believe in teachings of Muhammad and Judaism
- Claims 1.8 billion followers
- Strength is greatest in the Arabic-speaking lands in Southwest Asia and North Africa
24
Q
major world religions: Buddhism
A
- began from Hinduism in the foothills bordering the Ganga - Plain about 500 B.C.E.
- Most widespread religion in South and East Asia today
- Around 500 million followers, dominating a cultural region
- Started by Siddhartha Gautama
- believe in the 4 noble truths
25
Q
(generic) Toponyms & example
A
- the names given to places
- Often takes different forms based on who’s using them
- Ex: -ville in Louisville
-ville is dutch
-san (primarily in California) is settled by spanish speaking religious groups
26
Q
Transculturation
A
- cultures come together and exchange elements equally from both cultures and transform
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