unit 3 test

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

1.all living things are composed of 1 or more cell
2.cell is the basic unit of life
3.all new cells arise from existing cells

Question 2

prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelle
-smaller
-cell membrane

Question 3

eukaryotic cell

Answer 3

cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
-larger
-cell membrane

Question 4

both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have..

Answer 4

-plasma membrane/ cell membrane
-cytoplasm
-DNA
-ribosomes

Question 5

macromolecule

Answer 5

also known as polymers, made up of monomers; carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids/DNA & RNA

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

-primary source of energy
-carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
1:2:1
-monomer : monosaccharides/ simple sugars

Question 7

lipids

Answer 7

-help move and store energy
-carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
-monomers: fatty acids and glycerol
-hydrophobic

Question 8

protein

Answer 8

-“building block”
-nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
-monomer: amino acids

Question 9

nucleic acids

Answer 9

-store and transmit hereditary or genetic info
-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, & phosphorus
-monomer: nucleotides

-ribonucleic acid (RNA) : contains sugar ribose
-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) : contains sugar deoxyribose

Question 10

components of cell membrane

Answer 10

-bilayer of phospholipids
-proteins
-carbohydrates

Question 11

plasma membrane

Answer 11

only allow certain substances to enter and leave the cell to prevent harmful material from entering and important material from leaving

Question 12

selectively permeable

Answer 12

only allows certain material to pass or leave (plasma membrane)

Question 13

passive transport

Answer 13

when substances more from an area of high concentration to an area of of low concentration naturally without energy
-diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-osmosis

Question 14

diffusion

Answer 14

general movement where substances move from an area of high to low concentration

Question 15

concentration gradient

Answer 15

a physical space in which there is a different concentration of a single substance

Question 16

facilitated transport/ diffusion

Answer 16

substances moving across the plasma membrane with the help of proteins

Question 17

osmosis

Answer 17

movement of free water molecules through a semipermeable membrane according to the waters concentration gradient across the membrane
-tonicity
-osmolarity
-hypertonic solution
-hypotonic solution
-isotonic solution

Question 18

tonicity

Answer 18

the amount of solute in a solution

Question 19

osmolarity

Answer 19

the measure of tonicity or total amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solution

Question 20

hypotonic solution

Answer 20

extracellular solution has a higher concentration of water but lower concentration of solute than the cell does.
-water flows into the cell
-cell swells

Question 21

hypertonic solution

Answer 21

extracellular solution has a lower concentration of water but higher concentration of solute than the cell does.
-water flows out of the cell
-cell shrivels

Question 22

isotonic solution

Answer 22

extracellular solution has a the same concentration of water and solute than the cell does.
-water flows into and out of the cell
-cell stays the same

Question 23

active transport

Answer 23

requires the use of the cells energy in the form of ATP. moves substances against us concentration gradient

Question 24

electrochemical gradient

Answer 24

a combined gradient of concentration and electrical charge that affects ion movement across a membrane

Question 25

Na+

Answer 25

sodium
-electrical gradient drives Na+ into cell

Question 26

K+

Answer 26

potassium
-electrical gradient drives K+ into the cell
-concentration gradient drives K+ out of cell

Question 27

cell interior (electrochemical gradient)

Answer 27

-negatively charged compared to extracellular fluid
-higher K+ concentration, lower Na+ concentration compared to outside

Question 28

primary active transport

Answer 28

directly used ATP to move substances, e.g., sodium-potassium pump

Question 29

sodium potassium pump

Answer 29

moves K+ into cells and N-+ out, creating concentration and charge differences across the membrane

Question 30

endocytosis

Answer 30

cellular process of engulfing external substances to bring them into the cell

Question 31

exocytosis

Answer 31

cellular process where materials inside a cell are packaged into vesicles and released into the extracellular space