Unit 3 Test Flashcards
First stage in cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Second step in cellular respiration
Pyruvate oxiration
Third step in cellular respiration
Krebs cycle
4th step in cellular respiration
Electron transport chain
What is the first stage in glycolysis
Energy investment
Second stage in glycolysis
Energy payoff (energy won)
How much atp is won in cellular respiration
36
How much atp is invested in the first stage of glycolysis
2
What does glycolysis make
Pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2 NADH
What is Pyruvate oxidation
When Pyruvate is turned into a acetyl group by coenzyme A
How many times does Pyruvate oxidation happen per glucose
Twice as glycolysis makes two pyruvate
For each Pyruvate what is made in Pyruvate oxidation
1-Acetyl COA, 1NADH, and 1 CO2
What is the Krebs cycle
Where acetyl COA is turned to multiple products
What does the Krebs cycle make per acetyl-COA
3NADH, 1FADH2, 1GTP or 1ATP and 2CO2
How many times does the kerb cycle happen
2 times
What is the electron transport chain
Where the NADH and FADH made in the other stages are used to make more ATP
How much ATP does FADH2 make each
1.5ATP
How much ATP does NADH make each
About 2.5 ATP
What is oxidation
Removing electrons
What is reduction
Adding electrons
what is gluconeogenisis
Production of glucose from non carb things
DHAP
Happens in middle of glycolysis
B-Oxidation
What helps Breakdown of fatty acids in the mitochondria
Substrate level phosphorylation
Direct transfer of a phosphate groip from and high energy substrate
Oxidative phosphorylation
Very effective and it uses chemiosmosis and etc
What is chemiosmosis
It works by using a proton (H+) gradient to power the production of ATP
When does Fermentation happen
Fermentation happens in anaerobic conditions
Where does lactic acid fermentation happen
In the cells of muscle tissue
What is made in mucsle fermentation
Lactic acid
Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid due to what
The lack of oxygen
What happens to the NADH made in fermentation
It gets turned back to NAD+ to continue glycolysis
How much atp is made in fermentation
Two ATP
Where does alcoholic fermentation happen
In yeast cells
What are the final products in alcoholic fermentation
Alcohol and CO2
Why can glycolysis happen but no other stage in fermentation
Glycolysis does not need oxygen
What 3 things affect atp yield
1.NADH could be used for other things in the cell lowering atp yield
2. Depending on the starting molecule glycolysis could be skipped like if fats are used.
3.sometimes ubiquinone was skipped
How do we know if glycolysis is affected
If glucose is too high as pyruvate is not being made
How to know if Krebs cycle is affected
If NAD is too high as NADH is not being made
How to know if etc is affected
If NADH is too high as NADH is not being used in the ETC
Why is NADH called an electron shuttle bus
NADH shuttles electrons to the ETC to greate more energy
Chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+6O2~> 6CO2 + 6H2O+ 36 ATP
