Unit 3 Test

Question 1

Egypt’s westernization

Answer 1

-Muhammad Ali brought in French troops to train an army, conscription to bring peasants
-built cotton textile factories and farms, usage of farm land for cotton led to famine
-gov built schools + hospitals funded by cotton money
-good for gov bad for peasants
-Suez Canal: investment by Britain and France

Question 2

Ottoman westernization

Answer 2

-resisted by Janiasarries and Islamic society (who associate it with secularism)
Mahmud II killed all Janissaries and created an army
-artisans and merchants role decline because of cheaper European imports, taxes collected by gov built telegraphs railroads
-sultan led w/ constitution and legislature
-Tamzimat reforms: become indented to europe from investments, effort to strengthen millitary
-extraterritoriality: the right of foreign residents to live by the laws of their own country
-capitulations: concessoins made by Ottomans to foreigners for special economic privlage

Question 3

China Westernization (under Qing)

Answer 3

-resisted by Confucian scholars
-After China loses Opium wars, Hong Kong is colonies and European powers set up spears of influence
-need Europeams help to put down Taiping rebellion
-self strengthening movement: attempt to blend western ideals with Confucianism, built railroads, doesn’t work, go to war with Japan and movement ends

Question 4

Japan westernization

Answer 4

-resisted by Samurai
-national army replaces samurai
-Meijing constitution: sets up Diet (parlimentary monarch) with many diyamo and ex-samurai members
-gov pays to industrialize country, start trading, establish railroads + steel factories
-zaibatsus: established by diamos and shogun, gov subsidized, become companies like Toyota and Mitsubishi
-education mandatory for all children, to preserve nationality

Question 5

Russia Westernization

Answer 5

-Crimean war: first defeat for Russia against Western forces, saw need for industrialization emancipated serfs, but had to pay redemption tax to their owners (didnt bring change)
-Trans-siberian railroad: connected European Russia w/ the Pacific, stimulated expansion of iron, grain, and coal sectors
-Alexander II known as reforming tsar

Question 6

colonizaiton of india

Answer 6

british set up political establishment with state-supported education left caste system but implemented a white hierarchy, white minority

Question 7

colonization of Java

Answer 7

Dutch East India Company defeated sultans of Mataram
-cultivation system: forcing locals to farm demanded items for little pay
-state supported education
-white minority

Question 8

colonization of Africa

Answer 8

After Berlin Conference, European powers met to divide up Africa w/ mo African leaders present; Ethiopia only country able in defending against them
-pre-existing tribes were split up, racial segregation laws were implemented, villagers forced to produce products
-white minority

Question 9

colonization of South Africa

Answer 9

-inhabited by Boers: people of Dutch decent who consider themselves African (never become majority)
-segregation laws, displaced Africans from their homes, required the carry of an ID pass

Question 10

colonization of New Zeland

Answer 10

-Maori unable to fight back against the British crown
-Britain granted rich people land to move their and profit off of sheep farming
-many natives killed off from desies, white become majority

Question 11

colonization of Hawaii

Answer 11

-briefly colonized by Britian then became a US state
-gradual loss of culture, brought extensive conversions to Christianity, western clothing adopted
-desises affected population, white become majority

Question 12

colonization of Australia

Answer 12

Britain first used it as a penal colony to send prisoners to work
-Aboriginal people decimated by British, white become majority
-immigration policy: only allows whites to immigrate

Question 13

French Revolution of 1789

Answer 13

caused by enlightement and starvation/hunger
-led by 3rd estate (members of bourgeoisie + peasants
-result in the DOROMAC and National Assembly

Question 14

French Revolution of 1830

Answer 14

-king Charles published ordinances that revoked freedom of press and resulted in 3/4 of people losing the right to vote
-Bourbon dynasty overthrown, change of flag and chamber of peers members extended
-voting still based on landownership

Question 15

Haiti revolution

Answer 15

Haiti, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, slaves won independence from France, first country founded by former slaves
-slaves still remaned

Question 16

Latin American Revolution

Answer 16

-led by creoles (simon bolivar)
-caused by foreign economic dependence and civil wars (competing political ideologies)
-freedom from foreign (Spanish/ portuguese crown) interference
-racial distinctions grows, foreign investement because of cheap labor, most of population living in poverty

Question 17

Greek revolution

Answer 17

-fulled by romanticism which studies what makes counties/cultures united and hellenism which is the spirit of greek culture/religion
london protocal: recognized Greece as an atonomous nation
-succeded autonomy from Ottomans with help from Russia, France and Britian

Question 18

American revolution

Answer 18

-led by landowning, white European men, slavery was untouched

Question 19

Belgium Revolution 1830

Answer 19

Caused by Congress of Vienna which united Belgium and the netherlands
-Middle class Belgian people revolting against Russians
-led to involvement in WWI

Question 20

Italian Unification

Answer 20

-fuled by Risorgimento: Italian spirit/culture and COngress of Vienna: south Ital y was under Spanish and Austrian control
-unified seperate states into a single state, reduced power of the pope
-ended concert of Europe

Question 21

German unification

Answer 21

-inspired by French revolution + economic depression
-led by Otto Van Bismark