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bio lab > unit 3 test > Flashcards

unit 3 test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

gram-positive bacteria have…

A

cell membrane and a thick cell wall (stains dark blue)

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1
Q

gram-negative bacteria have…

A

cell membrane, thin cell wall, and outer phospholipid membrane (do not retain dye)

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2
Q

what only grows in absence of oxygen?

A

anaerobic

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3
Q

what produces energy using sunlight?

A

photoautotroph

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4
Q

what requires oxygen to grow?

A

aerobic

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5
Q

what survives best at low oxygen?

A

facultative

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6
Q

what obtains its energy through chemicals?

A

chemoautotroph

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7
Q

what causes diease?

A

pathogenic

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8
Q

what produces this own food and energy?

A

autotroph

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9
Q

what receives nutrients from the host or enviroment?

A

heterotroph

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10
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell?

A

bacteria

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11
Q

whats a eukaryotic cell?

A

fungi, plants, animals, or humans

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12
Q

media that prevents the growth of some type of microorganisms and permits the growth of others is said to be…

A

selective media

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13
Q

media that allows you to tell whether or not a colony has a particular property is called…

A

differential media

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14
Q

method to prevent contamination while introducing specific bacteria of intersecting culture

A

aseptic technique

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15
Q

free from microorganisms, totally clean

A

sterile

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16
Q

unwanted material, such as bacteria from skin or hair

A

contamination

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17
Q

a pressurized chamber that can reach high temps to kill microbes and sterilize equipment

A

autoclave

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18
Q

coccus is ___
bacillus is ___
spirillum is ___

A

spherical (circle)
rod-shaped
spiral

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19
Q

diplo is in ___
strepto is in ___
staphylo is in ___

A

sets of two (double)
in chains
in clusters

20
Q

what is a visible cluster of identical bacteria that grew from one original bacterium?

A

colony

21
Q

whats a dense covering of bacteria on a plate due to the colonies growing into each other?

A

lawn

22
Q

what is a liquid broth that turns cloudy due to bacterial growth?

A

turbid

23
Q

what does a serial dilution do?

A

reduces the number of cells in a culture (easier to count)

24
Q

the more dilution =

A

fewer colonies

25
Q

dilution factor & total dilution factor

A

volume transfered / total volume

26
Q

CFU/mL

A

amount of CFU’s/amount plated

27
Q

how do you find dilution factor total?

A

multiple all the dilution factors together

28
Q

what does Benedict’s reagent identify and what colors are used?

A

sugar (glucose);
- present: green (low), yellow (mid), red (high)
- not present: blue

29
Q

what does Lugol’s reagent (potassium iodide / KI) identify and what colors are used?

A

starch
- present: black or purple
- not present: yellow

30
Q

what does Biuret’s reagent test and what colors are used?

A

peptides (protein)
- present: purple; short peptides (pink)
- not present: blue

31
Q

what does Phenol red test and what colors are used?

A

lipids (fats)
- pH = 7 (neutral): red
- pH = 8-14 (basic): pink
- pH = 1-6 (acidic): yellow

32
Q

order of GI tract?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

33
Q

small intestines main function and the 3 parts of it?

A

nutrient absorption
- duodenum: short & wide (no nutrient absorption)
- jejunum: most of nutrient absorption
- lleum: rest of nutrient absorption

34
Q

large intestine function and 4 parts of it?

A

water absorption and excretion of wastes
- cecum: Ileum dumps into it
- colon
- rectum
- anal canal

35
Q

what are the 6 accessory digestive organs?

A
  • teeth: mechanical digestion
  • tongue: mechanical digestion
  • salivary glands: produces amylase
  • liver: produces bile
  • gallbladder: stores bile
  • pancreas: produces enzymes
36
Q

what are the two types of digestion?

A
  • mechanical: physically decreasing food size (chewing of teeth & mixing of stomach and small intestine)
  • chemical: enzymatic reactions that break polymers into oligomers or monomers
37
Q

function and features of simple columnar epithelium?

A

absorption and secretion; microvilli & goblet cells

38
Q

function and features of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

protection; must be kept moist

39
Q

function and features of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

protection; keratin (makes cells water-resistant)

40
Q

location and function of adipose tissue?

A

beneath skin and surrounds organs; insulation and energy storage

41
Q

protein -
lipid (fat) -
glucose -
starch -

A

pH
substrate amount
temperature
time

42
Q

what pH does lipase from pancreatic juice work best?

A

7.5-8.5 (7)

43
Q

what pH does pepsin from the stomach work best?

A

2

44
Q

nutrient agar plate?

A

contains nutrients; neither selective or differential; grows bacteria, molds, and yeast

45
Q

MacConkey agar plate?

A

selective & differential; gram - growth; pink/red- ferment lactose, white/clear- can’t

46
Q

EMB agar plate?

A

selective & differential; gram - growth; metallic green- e.coli, pink/purp/black- ferment lactose, colorless- can’t

47
Q

blood agar plate?

A

contains sheeps blood; differential; a-hemolysis- green (incomplete lysis and digestion), b-hemolysis- white/clear (complete lysis and digestion), y-hemolysis- unchanged (no hemolysis)

48
Q

polymer & monomer
- tortilla
- chicken
- ice cream

A
  • carbs -> glucose
  • protein -> amino acids
  • fats (lipids) -> fatty acids

bio lab (2 decks)

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