unit 3 terms Flashcards
Evidence
factual (not suppositional) information that supports an argument
Accuracy
the evidence and reasoning avoids misleading or incorrect facts or interpretations
Relevance
evidence and reasoning presented are directly and clearly connected to the argument
Credible/Credibility
refers to the trustworthiness of the author or source; these writers have advanced degrees and experience with the subject and often collaborate with others who are well-versed on the subject.
Reliable/reliability
refers to a source/work that consistently includes information from credible sources
Source Material
words, music, ideas, images, texts, or any other intellectual property that is used in research
Sufficiency
there is enough evidence and reasoning presented so the conclusion logically follows the information - no leaps necessary
Sequence
intentionally organizing the order of evidence so it meaningfully builds an argument
Significance
prioritizing information by importance
Attribution
he act of acknowledging the source of an idea, statistic, fact, observatin, image, or othe rintellectual property by ascribing it to its creator
Citation
a formal documentation of another’s work, research, and words; may appear as a footnote or endnote
Commentary
explanations that guide ther eader to link claims, evidence, and reasoning and that acknoledge and integrade sources
Reference
informal, but acknowledged, use of another’s work, research, or words
Synthesis
integrating ideas from other people and sources into a unique line of reasoning
Premise
a proposition antecedently supposed or proved as a basis of argument or inference
claim
A statement that needs to be proven
Assertion/Reason
A statement that furthers the argument in a claim – this statement also needs to be proven
line of reasoning
the logical sequence of a speaker’s claim, evidence, and commentary that leads an audience to or from the writer’s conclusion. This is most effective when clear and logical. When absent, the argument loses credibility.
Transitions
Words and ideas that develop reasoning by linking evidence and assertions throughout the argument
Commentary
explanations about how the evidence leads to the conclusion
Cause/Effect
an organizational/development approach to argumentation where the primary focus of the reasoning is on the consequences of specific events, actions, or situations
Compare/Contrast
an organizational/development approach to argumentation where the primary focus of the reasoning is on the relationship of the new information or situation to other, often more commonly known or understood, events or situations.
Definition
an organizational/development approach to argumentation where the primary focus is to establish and explain a common meaning for a subject or aspect of the subject. May be the entire focus of the writing or may be a strategy within another development approach.
Description
a development approach to argumentation where the primary focus is on providing clarifying, sepcific details - especially of appearance and other physical characeristics. May be the entire focus of the writing or a strategy used within another organziational approach.
Narration
an organizational/development approach OR strategy within another approach where the writer focuses on story-telling or explaining the details surrounding a specific event.
Process
an organizational/develop approach OR strategy within another rapproach where the writer focusses on explaining how something works, how an action ocurs, or how a procedure is accomplished.
Deductive Reasoning
reasoning from a general concept or assumption to show how a specific example relates to that concept
Inductive Reasoning
reasoning from specific exampels or observatiosn to a general conclusion based on them
Casual Reasoning
reasoning demonstrating how one thing led to another
Analogic or Comparative Reasoning
reasoning that explains how something is similar to or unlike something else.
Fallacy
when there is a flaw in the logic
