unit 2 terms Flashcards
background
a term for considering audience whether you are evaluating or developing an argument; this describes where an audience comes from - geographically, educationally, and experientially.
beliefs
a term for considering audience whether you are evaluating or developing an argument; this describes what an audience understands to be true and what and whom they place their trust in.
needs
a term for considering audience; this describes what an audience requires within the context of the argument. An analyzer might consider potential benefits the audience may gain and how the speaker addresses them.
values
a term for considering audience; this describes what an audience prioritizes, emphasizes, and cares about.
quality
When evidence is: appropriate for the context, relevant to the audience and subject, and valid.
quantity
Evaluating whether the evidence is sufficient to support the claim.
validity
evidence is from reliable sources, understood to be factual, and from reliable sources the the audience trusts.
ethos
a term for understanding the function of a writer’s language choices; this encourages the analyzer to consider how a writer/speaker establishes and plays on credibility and ethics.
logos
a term for understanding the function of a writer’s language choices; this encourages the analyzer to consider how a writer connects and relates various pieces of evidence to develop reasoning throughout their argument.
pathos
a term for understanding the function of a writer’s language choices; this encourages the analyzer to consider how a writer/speaker draws out and appeals to the emotions, values, and beliefs of an audience.
analogies
term to describe a language choice; this describes a comparison of similar situtations or events. With this strategy, writers encourage their audience to understand something less familiar by relating it to something more familiar.
anecdotes
term to describe language choices; this is a story that illustrates a concept. With this strategy, writers help their audience understand the emotional and psychological stakes of an issue/argument.
antithesis
A term to describe a contrasting language choice - when contrasting ideas are presented in parallel grammatical structure.
diction
term for analyzing language; when paired with good, descriptive adjectives, this device discusses a writer’s word choice.
juxtaposition
term used to describe a langauge choice; two unalike things are placed in proximity with one another to highlight their differences, often to develop implied commentary and/or reveal irony.
repetition
a term for describing language choices - when words, phrases, sentences, or other textual elements occur more than once.
rhetorical question
term for describing rhetorical choices - when the writer poses a question that is expected to be considered but not answered literally.
parallel structure
A term for describing language choices - the repitition of a grammatical structure
simple sentence
A term for describing syntax choices - the writer’s sentences contain only one independent clause (subject + verb).
syntax
a term for analyzing language; this describes how a writer or speaker organizes phrases, sentences, and paragraphs.
amplify
An analysis verb that helps describe the function of evidence or language within an argument. This word helps describe how language or evidence emphasizes a specific part of the message.
associate
An analysis verb that helps describe the function of evidence or language within an argument. This word helps describe how language or evidence relates to or connects to something readers recognize or to some other part of the argument.
clarify
An analysis verb that helps describe the function of evidence or language within an argument. This word helps describe how language or evidence creates sharper, clearer understanding of the issue/claim.
establish
An analysis verb that helps describe the function of evidence or language within an argument. This word helps describe how a specific language choice sets the basis for a claim or appeal.;
exemplify
An analysis verb that helps describe the function of evidence or language within an argument. This word helps describe how evidence works to show the audience a specific situation where the data/argument played out.
illustrate
An analysis verb that helps describe the function of evidence or language within an argument. This word helps describe how language or evidence makes the issue real, observable, relevant, and/or imaginable.
