Unit 3 Termonology Flashcards
The 1419 agreement giving Spain everything to the west of an imaginary line drawn down the Atlantic and giving Portugal everything to the east.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Spanish soldier explorers
Conquistadors
A large and complex Native American civilization in modern Mexico and Central America that possessed advanced mathematical, astronomical, and engineering technology
Mexica Empire
The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532
Inca Empire
The names for the four administrative units of Spanish possessions in the Americas: New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata
Viceroyalties
A system whereby the Spanish crown granted the conquerors the right to forcibly employ groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery.
Encomienda system
The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and the New Worlds.
Columbian exchange
The name of a series of treaties that concluded the thirty years war in 1648 and marked the end of large scale religious violence in Europe.
Peace of Westphalia
A series of violent uprisings during the early reign of Louis XIV triggered by growing royal control and oppressive taxation.
Fronde
A system of economic regulations aimed at increasing the power of the state based on the belief that a nation’s international power was based in its wealth, specifically it’s supply of gold and silver.
Mercantilism
A series of treaties from 1713 to 1715, that ended the war of the Spanish succession, ended French expansion in Europe,and marked the rise of the British empire.
Peace of Utrecht
The nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, they were reluctant allies of Fredrick William in his consolidation of Prussia state.
Junkers
The highest ranking members of the Russian nobility.
Boyars
Free groups and outlaw armies comprising runaway peasants living on the boarders of Russian territory from the 14th century onward. By the end of 16th century they had formed an alliance with the Russian state.
Cossacks
The rulers of Ottoman Empire; he owned all of the agriculture land of the empire and was served by an army and bureaucracy composed of highly trained slaves
Sultan
The cite of the sultan’s army, composed of slave conscripts from non Muslim parts of the empire; after 1683 it became a volunteer force.
Janissary Corps
A system used by Ottomans whereby subjects were divided into religious communities with each nation enjoying autonomous self-government under its religious leaders.
Millet system
A form of Government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority and power of the government of the one hand and the rights and liberties of the subjects of subjects or citizens on the other hand; could include constitutional monarchies or republics.
Constitutionalism
A form of government in which there is no monarch and power rests in the hands of the people as exercised through elected representatives
Republicanism
Members of a 16th and 17th century reform movement within the Church of England that advocated purifying it of Roman Catholic elements, such as bishops, elaborate ceremonials, and wedding rings.
Puritans
The English military dictatorship (1653-1658) established by Oliver Cromwell following the execution of Charles I.
Protectorate
Legislation, passed by the English Parliament in 1673, to secure the position of the Anglican Church by stripping Puritans, Catholics, and other dissenters of the right to vote, preach, assemble, hold public office, and attend or teach at the universities.
Test act
The executive officer in each of the united provinces of the Netherlands, a position often held by the princes of Orange.
Stadholder
First-hand account of Marco Polo’s voyage of 1492.
Travels of Marco Polo
(1394–1460), a younger son of the king. Supported the study of geography and navigation and he sponsored the annual expeditions down the western coast of Africa.
Henry “the navigator”
Succeeded rounding the Cape while commanding a fleet of warships in search of a sea route to India.
Vasco de Gama
Genoese mariner in the service of the Spanish crown. He wanted to find a direct Ocean trade route to Asia.
Christopher Columbus
(1454–1512) Florentine navigator who realized that America is a continent separate from Asia. Because of this bold claim the continent was named after him.
Amerigo Vespucci
Led the fleet that circumnavigated the globe for the first time ever.
Ferdinand Magellan
Conquistador, launch the conquest of the Mexicana empire.
Hernando Cortes
The Conquistador of modest Spanish origins, landed on the northern coast of Peru on May 13, 1532.
Francisco Pizarro
Colony of Virginia was founded there in 1607.
Jamestown
(1620) a small struggling outpost
Plymouth
French navigator and explorer who founded the first permanent French settlement, at
Quebec and in 1608, a year after the English founding of Jamestown.
Samuel de Champlain
Local officials that held judicial and military powers.
Corregidores
The territory conquered from the Inca Empire where the Spanish discovered an extraordinary source of silver.
Potosi
A French writer who believed that no culture was superior, only different.
Michel de Montaigne
Dramatist who was known for his unique style of characters and understanding of human psychology.
William Shakespeare
From 1618 to 1648, a war divided into four phases, violently upturned the natural balance of life during the first half of the 17th century.
30 years’ war
Swedish King during the third phase of the 30 years war; Swedish phase. Supported the Protestants.
King Gustavus Adolphus
Declared war on Spain and sent military, as well as financial assistance.
Cardinal Richelieu
