Unit 3: Solubility Flashcards
What is the Ksp expression for: AB
x²
What is the Ksp expression for: A₂B or AB₂
4x³
What is the Ksp expression for: A₃B or AB₃
27x⁴
What is the Ksp expression for: A₂B₃ or A₃B₂
108x⁵
Thermodynamics
energy of a chemical reaction
Kinetics
rate of the reaction
Factors that affect the rate of a chemical equation
medium/nature of reactants, concentration, temperature, catalyst
units for Rate
M*s⁻¹
Units for K (zero order)
M*s⁻¹
Units for K (first order)
s⁻¹
Units for K (second order)
M⁻¹*s⁻¹
Units for K (3rd order)
M⁻²*s⁻¹
Units for K (4th order)
M⁻³*s⁻¹
First order integrated rate law
ln[A] = ln[A]₀ - kt
Zero order integrated rate law
[A] =[A]₀ - kt
Second order integrated rate law
1/[A] = (1/[A]₀) + kt
How does the graph of a first order integrated rate law look?
a straight line with a slope of -k and an intercept of [A]₀
(negative slope)
How does the graph of a zero order integrated rate law look?
a straight plot with a negative slope
How does the graph of a second order integrated rate law look?
straight line with a positive slope
First order half life equation
t1/2 = ln2/k
Zero order half life equation
t1/2 = [A]₀ / 2k
Second order half life equation
t1/2 = 1 / (k[A]₀)
zero order (concentration and half-life relation)
as concentration decreases half-life also decreases
first order (concentration and half-life relation)
as concentration decreases, half-life remains constant
second order (concentration and half-life relation)
as concentration decreases, half-life increases
What order equation is radioactive decay?
first order
Unimolecular reaction
One molecule reacting by itself
A → D
Bimolecular step
Two molecules reacting
A + B → D
What step are unimolecular steps?
First order
What step are bimolecular steps?
2nd order, 1st order with respect to each of the molecules
Slow step
Rate determining step
Dictates the speed of the overall reaction
Reaction Coordinate
path that links the reaction molecules and product molecules
Transition state
the high energy point between two minima along the reaction coordinate