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CH 302 > Electrochemistry > Flashcards

Electrochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oxidation state of Hydrogen usually?

A

+1

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2
Q

What is the oxidation state of Oxygen usuallly?

A

2+

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3
Q

What is the oxidation number of an atom in a neutral element (group 8)?

A

zero

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4
Q

What is the oxidation state of any monatomic ion (ex. Na+, H+, Cl-, N3-)?

A

oxidation state = charge on the ion

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5
Q

In a neutral compound the oxidation numbers of all atoms … (ex. H2O)

A

add up to zero

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6
Q

In a polyatomic ion the oxidation numbers of all atoms …

A

add up to the charge on the ion

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7
Q

What elements can have a variery of oxidation #?

A

C, N, S, P, transition metals

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8
Q

What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in LiAlH4?

A

-1

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9
Q

What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in NaBH4?

A

-1

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10
Q

What is the oxidation state of oxygen in the peroxide H2O2?

A

-1

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11
Q

What oxidation number do halogens usually have?

A

-1 unless bonded with oxygen

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12
Q

What is the oxidation number of aluminum?

A

3+

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13
Q

How does the oxidation number change when an atom is oxidized?

A

Increses (becomes more positive)

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14
Q

How does the oxidation number change when an atom is reduced?

A

It decreases (becomes more negative)

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15
Q

Reducing agent

A

reactant providing/donating the electrons

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16
Q

Oxidizing agent

A

reactant taking the electrons away

17
Q

What are the 4 steps/rules of balancing a half-reaction?

A
  1. balance the main atom first (Not H or O)
  2. Balance oxygen by adding H₂O to other side
  3. Balance hydrogens by adding H⁺ to the other side
  4. Balance the charge by adding electrons to the more positive side
18
Q

When turning a balanced equation into a basic reaction you …

A

(To the final equation added together) add OH⁻ to each side of the equation for every H⁺ you have

19
Q

Anode

A

Where oxidation occurs, where the electrons are coming from

20
Q

Cathode

A

Where reduction occurs, where the electrons are going to

21
Q

What do the double vertical line in the cell notation represent?

A

The salt bridge

22
Q

What do the single vertical lines in cell notation represent?

A

Phase changes (s/aq)

23
Q

Where is the anode in cell notation?

A

always on the far left

24
Q

Where is the cathode in cell notation?

A

Always on the far right

25
Q

What is the molarity if not specified in the cell notation?

A

1 M

26
Q

The anode is always one ….

A

of the solid electrodes

27
Q

What does E symbolize?

A
  • electrical potentials/voltages
28
Q

What does E° symbolize?

A
  • electrical potentials under standard conditions
  • potential for the reduction half-reaction minus the potential for the oxidation half-reaction
29
Q

Galvanix/Voltaic cell

A
  • spontaneous
  • produces electricity
  • E° is positive
30
Q

Electrolytic cell

A
  • non-spontaneous
  • needs electricity as a reactant in order to procedd
  • E° is negative

CH 302 (4 decks)

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