Unit 3 Sem 2 Reversed Flashcards
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An important set of laws passed by the U.S. Congress. The act made it illegal to have separate schools for different races. It also became illegal to have separate public areas for different races.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
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The social programs suggested by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The results of the program included federal money for education and medical care for older people.
Great Society
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The name given to two events in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of Vietnam on August 2 and August 4, 1964 . Ships belonging to the United States and North Vietnam fired on each other. This led the U.S. Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, giving President Johnson the power to respond to attacks.
Gulf of Tonkin Incident
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Legal action the U.S. Congress passed to give President Lyndon B. Johnson power to respond to attacks against U.S. forces in Vietnam. This was in response to armed conflict in the Gulf of Tonkin in Vietnam. President Johnson used the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to increase U.S. military forces in Vietnam.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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(1890 – 1969) A Communist leader of North Vietnam. He led the country from 1945 until his death in 1969.
Ho Chi Minh
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(1908 – 1973) The 36th president of the United States, completing the term of John F. Kennedy after Kennedy was assassinated, or murdered. He is remembered for his Great Society social programs in America and for greatly increasing American involvement in the Vietnam War.
Lyndon B. Johnson
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A federal and state system to provide health care for the needy.
Medicaid
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A federal system of health insurance for people 65 and older.
Medicare
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A term used by John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960. It was used to name the programs and policies of his presidency.
New Frontier
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(1901 – 1963) The first president of South Vietnam until his assassination, or murder, in 1963.
Ngo Dinh Diem
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A 1969 Supreme Court decision stating that wearing black armbands in school was protected as free speech under the First Amendment and that a student’s free speech did not end, in the words of the Court, “at the schoolhouse gate.” The Des Moines school district had tried to stop students from wearing armbands in protest of the Vietnam War.
Tinker vs. Des Moines
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A Native American civil rights organization. It was formed in 1968 to address issues concerning the American Indian community. It got national attention when it took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs office in Washington, D.C., in 1972 and the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973.
American Indian Movement
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(1921 – 2006) An American writer and activist. Her book The Feminine Mystique helped create new interest in working for equality for women. She was one of the founders of NOW, the National Organization for Women.
Betty Friedan
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The belief that African Americans should maintain pride in their culture, history, and African roots. Black nationalists support the creation of communities and businesses managed by African Americans.
Black Nationalism
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An African American organization formed in 1966 for self-defense against the police. The organization demanded more rights and social services for African Americans. Members did not accept the principle of nonviolence practiced by other civil rights groups.
Black Panther Party
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A political attitude and slogan, or saying, that came from the civil rights movement of the 1960s. It stressed pride in black culture and called for ways to support African American interests and values.
Black Power
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(1927 – 1993) A Mexican American farmworker and civil rights leader. He founded the United Farm Workers with Dolores Huerta. His work led to improvements for farmworkers.
Cesar Chavez
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A movement that was started in the 1960s by young Mexican Americans. They called themselves Chicanos and called for pride in their culture’s roots. They were influenced by the Black Power movement.
Chicano Movement
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(1936 – ) A member of the Ojibwe Indian tribe. He helped found the American Indian Movement, or AIM. He continues to be active in efforts to improve the lives of Native Americans.
Clyde Bellecourt
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An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, first proposed in 1923, that would have given equal rights to women. It was not ratified, or approved.
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
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A movement that began in the late 1950s and fought to protect the rights of people with different sexual orientations.
Gay Rights Movement
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(1930 – 1978) An American politician and the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California. He served on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and helped pass a city gay rights law. He was assassinated, or killed, in 1978.
Harvey Milk
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Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered people. This refers to people whose sexual identity and behavior are not heterosexual.
LGBT
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(1925 – 1965) An African American civil rights leader who was born Malcolm Little and changed his name after becoming a Muslim. He was originally in favor of blacks living separately from whites, but later called for the races to accept each other. He was assassinated, or murdered, while speaking at a civil rights event.
Malcolm X
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A large civil rights organization formed in the 1960s that works to improve the lives and opportunities of Hispanic Americans.
National Council of La Raza
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National Organization for Women, founded in 1966. It is the public voice for equal rights for women. It supported the Equal Rights Amendment, which was not ratified, or approved.
NOW
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(1924 – ) An American political activist who is best known for being against the Equal Rights Amendment. She founded the Eagle Forum, a conservative organization.
Phyllis Schlafly
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(1924 – 2005) An African American politician, teacher, and author. She was the first black woman to be elected to U.S. Congress.
Shirley Chisholm
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(1941 – 1998) An African American civil rights leader. He was a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Black Panther Party. He came up with the term “Black Power.”
Stokely Carmichael
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A series of violent conflicts between police and gay people at the Stonewall Inn in New York City in 1969. These events led to the modern gay rights movement.
Stonewall Riots
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A policy in which the United States government tried to make American Indians living on reservations enter mainstream society. Under the Termination Policy, tribes were no longer seen as sovereign nations, and many reservations lost federal support for schools, police, and social services.
Termination Policy
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A 1972 law passed by Congress stating that no one, male or female, could be stopped from taking part in any educational program or activity that receives money from the federal government.
Title IX
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The American space mission, or operation, that first landed men on the moon in July 1969.
Apollo 11
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A culture whose behavior is not accepted and normal in society. This term usually refers to the culture developed by young people in the 1960s and 1970s, partly in protest to U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
Counterculture
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Members of a cultural movement in the 1960s that was against the American culture of the time. Hippies were known for peace protests, drug use, and open sexual behavior. Their culture influenced art, music, and philosophy, or ways of thinking.
Hippies
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(1924 – present) The 39th president of the United States. He created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He helped Egypt and Israel end their war and sign a peace treaty. He has been involved in many human rights activities since he left the presidency.
Jimmy Carter
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An art movement that began in the 1950s. It shows scenes from everyday life and uses methods similar to advertising, comic books, and other current forms of communication.
Pop Art
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(1911 – 2004) The 40th president of the United States. His presidency saw large tax cuts, less government spending, and less government control of business. There were also several military actions in other parts of the world to fight against Communism. He was injured in an assassination attempt.
Ronald Reagan
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The area around the Great Lakes, the upper Midwest, and the mid-Atlantic states where steel and iron industries were located. The term rust refers to the rusty gates outside of factories that were no longer being used. Many of these factories had closed during the 1970s.
Rust Belt
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A Christian preacher or minister who uses television to preach to large audiences.
Televangelist
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The easing of the tense Cold War relationships between the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.
Detente
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(1913 – 2006) The 38th president of the United States. He was the vice president under Richard Nixon and became president when Nixon resigned, or quit, on August 9, 1974.
Gerald Ford
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(1923 – ) A German-born political expert. He served as national security adviser and Secretary of State for Presidents Nixon and Ford.
Henry Kissinger
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A conflict between Iran and the United States from November 1979 to January 1981. Iran held 52 Americans against their will for 444 days, releasing them just after Ronald Reagan was sworn in as president.
Iranian Hostage Crisis
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A revolution in Iran that drove out the shah, Iran’s ruler, in January 1979. The shah had been friendly to the United States. The new government was a militant, Islamic republic.
Iranian Revolution
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The shortage of oil that resulted when oil-producing countries stopped selling oil to the United States. The oil-producing countries were protesting U.S. support for Israel in Israel’s war against Egypt.
Oil Crisis of 1973
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Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, formed in 1960. Twelve member nations making decisions together on policies that would be in their best interest for keeping the world’s oil market stable.
OPEC
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The exchange of Ping-Pong players between the United States and China. The event marked an improvement in the relations between the two countries.
Ping-Pong Diplomacy
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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, a 1972 agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States to limit the number of nuclear weapons that each country had.
SALT
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A document issued by the United States and China in which the two nations pledged to work toward better relations.
Shanghai Communique
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Diplomacy in which an outside party travels back and forth between countries to help them reach an agreement. Henry Kissinger practiced shuttle diplomacy in an attempt to stop the Yom Kippur War between Israel and several Arab states, including Egypt and Syria.
Shuttle Diplomacy
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The policy of making South Vietnamese forces responsible for the defense of South Vietnam in order to withdraw U.S. troops.
Vietnamization
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A political scandal in the 1970s. Men were arrested for breaking into the offices of the Democratic Party in Washington, D.C. This crime was eventually linked to President Richard Nixon, which caused him to leave the presidency, or resign, in 1974.
Watergate Scandal
