Unit 3 Sem 2

Question 1

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 1

An important set of laws passed by the U.S. Congress. The act made it illegal to have separate schools for different races. It also became illegal to have separate public areas for different races.

Question 2

Great Society

Answer 2

The social programs suggested by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The results of the program included federal money for education and medical care for older people.

Question 3

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Answer 3

The name given to two events in the off the coast of Vietnam on August 2 and August 4, 1964 . Ships belonging to the United States and North Vietnam fired on each other.

Question 4

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 4

Legal action the U.S. Congress passed to give President Lyndon B. Johnson power to respond to attacks against U.S. forces in Vietnam.

Question 5

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 5

(1890 – 1969) A Communist leader of North Vietnam. He led the country from 1945 until his death in 1969.

Question 6

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 6

(1908 – 1973) The 36th president of the United States, completing the term of John F. Kennedy after Kennedy was assassinated, or murdered. He is remembered for his Great Society social programs in America and for greatly increasing American involvement in the Vietnam War.

Question 7

Medicaid

Answer 7

A federal and state system to provide health care for the needy.

Question 8

Medicare

Answer 8

A federal system of health insurance for people 65 and older.

Question 9

New Frontier

Answer 9

A term used by John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960. It was used to name the programs and policies of his presidency.

Question 10

Ngo Dinh Diem

Answer 10

(1901 – 1963) The first president of South Vietnam until his assassination, or murder, in 1963.

Question 11

Tinker vs. Des Moines

Answer 11

A 1969 Supreme Court decision stating that wearing black armbands in school was protected as free speech under the First Amendment and that a student’s free speech did not end, in the words of the Court, “at the schoolhouse gate.” The school district had tried to stop students from wearing armbands in protest of the Vietnam War.

Question 12

American Indian Movement

Answer 12

A Native American civil rights organization. It was formed in 1968 to address issues concerning the American Indian community. It got national attention when it took over the Bureau of Indian Affairs office in Washington, D.C., in 1972 and the town of Wounded Knee, South Dakota, in 1973.

Question 13

Betty Friedan

Answer 13

(1921 – 2006) An American writer and activist. Her book The Feminine Mystique helped create new interest in working for equality for women. She was one of the founders of NOW, the National Organization for Women.

Question 14

Black Nationalism

Answer 14

The belief that African Americans should maintain pride in their culture, history, and African roots. Black nationalists support the creation of communities and businesses managed by African Americans.

Question 15

Black Panther Party

Answer 15

An African American organization formed in 1966 for self-defense against the police. The organization demanded more rights and social services for African Americans. Members did not accept the principle of nonviolence practiced by other civil rights groups.

Question 16

Black Power

Answer 16

A political attitude and slogan, or saying, that came from the civil rights movement of the 1960s. It stressed pride in black culture and called for ways to support African American interests and values.

Question 17

Cesar Chavez

Answer 17

(1927 – 1993) A Mexican American farmworker and civil rights leader. He founded the United Farm Workers with Dolores Huerta. His work led to improvements for farmworkers.

Question 18

Chicano Movement

Answer 18

A movement that was started in the 1960s by young Mexican Americans. They called themselves Chicanos and called for pride in their culture’s roots. They were influenced by the Black Power movement.

Question 19

Clyde Bellecourt

Answer 19

(1936 – ) A member of the Ojibwe Indian tribe. He helped found the American Indian Movement, or AIM. He continues to be active in efforts to improve the lives of Native Americans.

Question 20

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Answer 20

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, first proposed in 1923, that would have given equal rights to women. It was not ratified, or approved.

Question 21

Gay Rights Movement

Answer 21

A movement that began in the late 1950s and fought to protect the rights of people with different sexual orientations.

Question 22

Harvey Milk

Answer 22

(1930 – 1978) An American politician and the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California. He served on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and helped pass a city gay rights law. He was assassinated, or killed, in 1978.

Question 23

LGBT

Answer 23

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered people. This refers to people whose sexual identity and behavior are not heterosexual.

Question 24

Malcolm X

Answer 24

(1925 – 1965) An African American civil rights leader who was born Malcolm Little and changed his name after becoming a Muslim. He was originally in favor of blacks living separately from whites, but later called for the races to accept each other. He was assassinated, or murdered, while speaking at a civil rights event.

Question 25

National Council of La Raza

Answer 25

A large civil rights organization formed in the 1960s that works to improve the lives and opportunities of Hispanic Americans.

Question 26

NOW (National Organization for Women)

Answer 26

Founded in 1966. It is the public voice for equal rights for women. It supported the Equal Rights Amendment, which was not ratified, or approved.

Question 27

Phyllis Schlafly

Answer 27

(1924 – ) An American political activist who is best known for being against the Equal Rights Amendment. She founded the Eagle Forum, a conservative organization.

Question 28

Shirley Chisholm

Answer 28

(1924 – 2005) An African American politician, teacher, and author. She was the first black woman to be elected to U.S. Congress.

Question 29

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 29

(1941 – 1998) An African American civil rights leader. He was a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Black Panther Party. He came up with the term “Black Power.”

Question 30

Stonewall Riots

Answer 30

A series of violent conflicts between police and gay people at the Stonewall Inn in New York City in 1969. These events led to the modern gay rights movement.

Question 31

Termination Policy

Answer 31

A policy in which the United States government tried to make American Indians living on reservations enter mainstream society. tribes were no longer seen as sovereign nations, and many reservations lost federal support for schools, police, and social services.

Question 32

Title IX

Answer 32

A 1972 law passed by Congress stating that no one, male or female, could be stopped from taking part in any educational program or activity that receives money from the federal government.

Question 33

Apollo 11

Answer 33

The American space mission, or operation, that first landed men on the moon in July 1969.

Question 34

Counterculture

Answer 34

A culture whose behavior is not accepted and normal in society. This term usually refers to the culture developed by young people in the 1960s and 1970s, partly in protest to U.S. involvement in Vietnam.

Question 35

Hippies

Answer 35

Members of a cultural movement in the 1960s that was against the American culture of the time. Hippies were known for peace protests, drug use, and open sexual behavior. Their culture influenced art, music, and philosophy, or ways of thinking.

Question 36

Jimmy Carter

Answer 36

(1924 – present) The 39th president of the United States. He created the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He helped Egypt and Israel end their war and sign a peace treaty. He has been involved in many human rights activities since he left the presidency.

Question 37

Pop Art

Answer 37

An art movement that began in the 1950s. It shows scenes from everyday life and uses methods similar to advertising, comic books, and other current forms of communication.

Question 38

Ronald Reagan

Answer 38

(1911 – 2004) The 40th president of the United States. His presidency saw large tax cuts, less government spending, and less government control of business. There were also several military actions in other parts of the world to fight against Communism. He was injured in an assassination attempt.

Question 39

Rust Belt

Answer 39

The area around the Great Lakes, the upper Midwest, and the mid-Atlantic states where steel and iron industries were located. The term rust refers to the rusty gates outside of factories that were no longer being used. Many of these factories had closed during the 1970s.

Question 40

Televangelist

Answer 40

A Christian preacher or minister who uses television to preach to large audiences.

Question 41

Detente

Answer 41

The easing of the tense Cold War relationships between the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.

Question 42

Gerald Ford

Answer 42

(1913 – 2006) The 38th president of the United States. He was the vice president under Richard Nixon and became president when Nixon resigned, or quit, on August 9, 1974.

Question 43

Henry Kissinger

Answer 43

(1923 – ) A German-born political expert. He served as national security adviser and Secretary of State for Presidents Nixon and Ford.

Question 44

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Answer 44

A conflict between Iran and the United States from November 1979 to January 1981. Iran held 52 Americans against their will for 444 days, releasing them just after Ronald Reagan was sworn in as president.

Question 45

Iranian Revolution

Answer 45

A revolution in Iran that drove out the shah, Iran’s ruler, in January 1979. The shah had been friendly to the United States. The new government was a militant, Islamic republic.

Question 46

Oil Crisis of 1973

Answer 46

The shortage of oil that resulted when oil-producing countries stopped selling oil to the United States. The oil-producing countries were protesting U.S. support for Israel in Israel’s war against Egypt.

Question 47

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)

Answer 47

Formed in 1960. Twelve member nations making decisions together on policies that would be in their best interest for keeping the world’s oil market stable.

Question 48

Ping-Pong Diplomacy

Answer 48

The exchange of Ping-Pong players between the United States and China. The event marked an improvement in the relations between the two countries.

Question 49

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

Answer 49

A 1972 agreement between the Soviet Union and the United States to limit the number of nuclear weapons that each country had.

Question 50

Shanghai Communique

Answer 50

A document issued by the United States and China in which the two nations pledged to work toward better relations.

Question 51

Shuttle Diplomacy

Answer 51

Diplomacy in which an outside party travels back and forth between countries to help them reach an agreement. Henry Kissinger practiced shuttle diplomacy in an attempt to stop the Yom Kippur War between Israel and several Arab states, including Egypt and Syria.

Question 52

Vietnamization

Answer 52

The policy of making South Vietnamese forces responsible for the defense of South Vietnam in order to withdraw U.S. troops.

Question 53

Watergate Scandal

Answer 53

A political scandal in the 1970s. Men were arrested for breaking into the offices of the Democratic Party in Washington, D.C. This crime was eventually linked to President Richard Nixon, which caused him to leave the presidency, or resign, in 1974.