Unit 3 Section B Flashcards
Globalisation
The Digital revolution
There has been a shift from anologue, mechanical & electronic technology to Digital Technology
The Digital revolution - New Media
Refurd to as New Media
- Online newspapers / radio & TV chanels through satellite cable
- Growth of computors, smart & tablet with a range of programs & apps
E.G.
E-concult, smart fridge, toothbrush conected to app
Global Village
McLuhan
the world is so interconected by electronic nervous system, infomation can be passed on electronicaly ‘moving at the speed of light’ creating new patterns of communication & interactions.
Internet reduces the entire globe to the dimentsions of a village
E.G.
Facetime/Zoom
live stream
texting
Global Village Quote
“Everybody lives in the utmost proximity created by our electic involvlemtn in one anothers lives”
Cultural Homogenisation
Differnt cultures becoming more similar due to technological advances in comunication.
Characterised with Western Values
Cultural Homogenisation Characteristics
- Capitalist Ideology: privitied system of owership
- Consumerim: (economic / social) system encoring consumption of goods
- Secular ideas: non-religious ideas about society
- Increased individualism: consern about wants & needs of individuals than wider society
Cultural homogenisation
Friedman
‘Globalisation has a distinctly American face, it wears Micky Mouse ears, it eats Big Macks. It drinks Coke or Pepsi and it does computing on an IBM or aple with Windows 98’
Explainging American domincation of globalisaton
Cultural Homogenisation
Fukuyama
Now we have a take over of westurn capitalist liberal democracy which many regimes contradict
World conflicts will continue in the forms of struggles to establish capitalism in areas of the world that they are absent
Cultural Homogenisation
Spybey
There is a chance to shair best practices between countries
e.g. American Mass production (Ford invesntion used globally)
Cultural Homogenisation
Giddens
It dosent destroy local culturs but sparks unpredictable responce & is the reason for the rivevel of local identies
Reverse Colonialism: other countries take practices done & use them (Ford)
Latinisation: LA increase in latin culture
Cultural Homoenisation
Fairweather & Rogerson
- Computor software: not localised so reflects weasturn ways of thinking
- Advertising: from the west is globally broadcast & presents ideas on what is desirabel
- Anti-social behvaiour: internet reflectss western ideas about what morality & devence
- Racism
- Sexism
- Forms of harrassment
Virtual communities
Carter: CyberCity
- People invest alot of effort into maintaing relationships
- Found people who meet a person online often continue the relationship in ofline (creating communities online & offline)
- Its becomeing increasinly embede in peoples everyday lives
- People connect over similare intrests
Virtual communities
Boellstorff: Second Life
Identities can be changed: peple can create their own avitare & can be any race / gender & can create their own online personality
Vurtual communities
Second Life Contriversies
-People were comminting crimes (i.e. Rape / Prostituion / Pornography) debate on if its a crime as it was online
Maintaining Boundries: Belgium Police investiated (created profiles & joined communities to see what was going on)
Digital Social Networks
Social Networks always existed (face to face) but growth of digital technology -> led to online, digital, social networks linked to: Friendships / work / family / hobbies / intrests / religeon
This has revolutionised how people form & maintain relationships
Social Media
Any digital based platform with a global reach
Facebook orriginally created by students in Havard Uni - in 6 years = billion users - 2017 $15 billion in profit
Facts about Social Media
- 2009 1st tweet sent from space
- 2022 person got google award for being the first to search ‘is it legal to take pigeon from park for free?’
- 30% of Americans get all of their news from facebook
- 80% of world leaders have a twitter account
Big Data
large sets of data that can be analysed to identify trends & patterns in behaviour & interactions
Big Data - Volume
exessive AMOUNTS of data is stored from online shopping & social media
Big Data - Velocity
digital data is TRANSPORTED at high SPEEDS
Big Data - Variety
RANGE of different TYPES of data
Big Data - Variability
data FLOWS are INCONSISTANT - sudden grows of data based on human behaviour
Big Data - Complexity
data is GATHERED from MULTIPLE SOURCES
Castells Social Net working
World has shifted from industrialism to post-industrialism to informationalism.
There is a new way economic activity and production is conducted, through networking. rise of the new information technologies is bound to have a rapid and dramatic impact on everyday human relationships. We now live in a network society.
Castells the impact of social net workign
Impact on our conception of time. The world is much smaller place with information technology we interact & respond to each other in real time
new social movements are posing a formidable challenge to the old nation-state system. Whole communities and forms of life can simply be cut out or switched off
Castells overview Net Working
- Marxism thought he acknowledges that society is still capitalist but the focus has shifted from trading of energy oil & gas to trading of information
- Technology is no longer mechanical but informational. We have moved rto age defined by information it is essential importance for defining economic productivity
- GLobalisation: rapid multiple forms of communication
- SOme networks are so big they are very powerful globally
- People at the bottom are excluded (marginalisatin) people will be left behind, People will feel loft in the new age & lack social mobility as they lack the information to build on for further mobility
Boyle Media Convergence
Previously separate forms of media can now be accessed through one device.
Social media profiles are also interlinked
patterns of convergence adopted to promote Western, capitalist ideas such as the pursuit of profit, private ownership and material objects being presented as important
Problems with Globalisation
1 - 4 (with examples)
- Not universally positive process. Exacerbates inequalities across the world. (Sweatships & exploytaion -> Mertens & D’hainen - if people cant afford new technology they are left behind)
- Dosn’t hepen everywhere at the same time
Underdeveloped countries arnt changin - those who dont partake suffer the consiquenses - Not alwars lead to cultural homogesisatoon where 1 global culture is created
(Giddens -> other countries resist the spread of westurn culture) - not always leading to liberal, democratic values i.e. individualism, diverisity & choice. Many across the world (white perspective) will resist this
Backlash against ideas: Reform party (UKIP), Trump. Hewitt white backlash
Impact of Digital communication on Relationships
Positive - Granovetter
Week ties online are just as important for a persons relationships as strong ones (inperson)
- Time togetehr
- emotional intensitiy
- level of intensity & degree of reprocitiy
Weak ties are just as important as strong ones leadin to connnetsion between members of netweorks -> increasing social networks
If weak ties are removed a persons socail network may face considerable damage greater dameage then lsoing a strong tie
Impact of Digital communication on Relationships
Positive - Kraut et al
Internet plays a key role in helping to develop & maitain social ties wiht others
Internet helps peopel stay conected, create & maintain ties
Without the internet ties may not be created / maintained, impact on social network & social capital. Globalisation will have a positive impact on relationships encoraing online connections & companionship
Impact of Digital communication on Relationships
Positive - Shaw & Grant
Internet can benifit mental helth preventng people from feeling lonely
INternten use of chat rooms increase feelings of social support & self esteme while decreasing feelings of lonelyness
INcreased internet usage due to things like globalisation people now have more conectoons, friendships & relationships improving mental welbeing & preventing feelings of lonleiness
Impact of Digital communication on Relationships
Negative - Turkle
Internet makes us feel conected with each other but in reality is isolating ourselves from each other. Using phones in meeting / classrooms / funerals
We lose each other when coneccting with each other (online)
‘Alone Together’
With increased internet usage we lose touch with real life relationships & bonds with one another, instead of being present with those around us we are drawn to look at our screens
Impact of Digital communication on Relationships
Negative - Miller
Internet may break down real life relationships
Facebooks = instramental in braking up realtionships & marrage (exposing infedelity)
Challenges the idea of priversy
People belive the truth more online than being told face to face
INternet provdes individuals with opportuinitys to create new realtionships while involved with someone else making aldultary easier to commit -> therefore braking down otehr relationships
Impact of Digital communication on Relationships
Negative - Bauldrillard
Digital media turned personal interactions into shallow, fragmented exchanges, weakening real connections
Media & technology replcased authentic human interactions - loss of genuine relationships
Media saturated sociaety makes realtionships superficial & disconected from deeper emotional substance. Undermined the authenticitu & depth of real life conections
Increased domenance of digital media has transformed human interactions into a superfissial exchange, people engage with a currated versuon of eachother rather than experinece authenic meaningful connections leading to fragmented sence of reality & underminding depth of personal relationships
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism
Positive - Bjorklund
Platfoms allow individuals to shape & express identiy in real time, giving greater control over how they present themselves & interact with eachother
Traditionally autobiographies were used to reflect lives at an end. BUT in postmodernist era people define themselves through oningin self presentation. Platforms act as real time autobiographies
Boundries between public & privet life are blured
Shift highlights how indenty is increasingly constructed & negotiated in the digital world. Individiuals can create & present their life as it unfolds fostering a sence of empowerment & agency in shaping identiy in ways that were imposable in a traditional format
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism
Positive - Hart
Social Media allows people to constantly shape & share lives. Reflecting personal values& social influence creating both online & offline identieis that are meaningful & contextually relevent
Individuals write & re-write lives by sharing & presenting valuse that are important to themselves & society with stauts updates & online interactions. Pressess of self-presentation allows developemtn on online & offline identies
Digital media gives people a platform to shape & express values & experiences. Allows people to create authentic identiies engaing with comunities meaningfully & presentin themselves in a way true to lived experineces
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism
Negitive Case
Posting personal infomation online create challenges especially for adolencents leading to lastsing mistakes, privercy conserns & potential conflicts
Positing lives online create challenges (specially for adolencents) having both online & ofline adolencent periods. Hard to remove misakes that can remain docuemented. Difficult to know what data is stored even if deleted by owner (can lead to disputes)
Highlights how online posys can be perminently documented, mistakes leave lasting consequenses -> dificult to undo leading to privicy issues & confilicts perticualarly for adolencence who struggle to distinguish online & ofline
E.G. Revenge Porn
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism
Negitive - Baudrillard
Media staturation blurs the line between reality & figutin creatin a world that is dufficut to distinguish real from simulated
Socail media & communictaion has lead to a state of hyper reality. Physicall reality has become bleaned with ‘hyper reality’ (simulacra). Some people are more involved with hyper-realtiy & its not possable to deduce ‘real’ anymore. People don’t live they anymore they preform to post. Difficult to establish ‘reality’ in other peoples lives & establish sence of self or meaning.
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism
Positive & Negitive - Ellson
The emerence of online identies & avitars gives perople the opportuinity to choose & constucte who they are seen as with more controls over factors i.e. class, enthincity, age
People adopt multiple online personalities * online activities leave trace (can be captures, tracked, packaged & shared). Online identies can impact offine lives both positivly & negitivly
Positive: allowing individuals to explor & experess different asspects of self & enrich ofline life through self-expression & connection
Negitive: exposing individuals ti privercy risks, judgement & pressure to conform which may lead to misrepresentaion or harm self-esteme offline.
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism - Fludity
Social MEida gives many different tyoes of identity showing its not fixed
Nyak - white wannaby - taking insiration from black rappers in media
Impact of digital communication on identity & post modernism - Choice
Lets you chose & control how you present yourself
Can block / unfollow people you dont like
Can pick & chose what parts of fashion we present
Strinartie - media saturation
