UNIT 3: SECTION 1 - ORGANIC INTRO

Question 1

Define empirical formula.

Answer 1

Simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.

Question 2

Define molecular formula.

Answer 2

Actual number of atoms in a compound.

Question 3

Define structural formula.

Answer 3

The atoms arranged carbon by carbon with their extra atoms.

Question 4

Define skeletal formula.

Answer 4

Bonds of carbon skeleton are shown by lines, no hydrogens are not shown - only functional groups.

Question 5

Define displayed formula.

Answer 5

The arrangement of atoms, and the bonds between them, in a molecule.

Question 6

What is a homologous series.

Answer 6

Group of compounds containing the same functional group - they differ by the number of ‘CH2’s.

Functional group is the reactive part.

Question 7

What are 3 structural isomers, and what is a structural isomer?

Answer 7

Structural isomers are atoms with the same molecular formula, but arranged differently.

Chain - different carbon skeleton arrangement.

Functional - different functional groups.

Positional - different functional group pos.

Question 8

Stereoisomers.

Answer 8

Different spatial arrangement.
Double bonds can’t rotate - rigid.
Alkenes planar.

E & Z isomers:
Entgegen and Zuzammen
Opposite and same side

Atom with higher atomic number take priority.