Unit 3 SAFMEDS Flashcards
Reflexes, Kinesis, Taxis, and Fixed action patterns
4 types of unlearned environment-behavior relations
Reflex
a simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response
Elicit
to strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke
Unconditioned reflex
a simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific innate, involuntary response
Examples of human reflexes
patellar reflex, eye blink, lachrymal reflex, pupillary, respiratory, sneeze, cough, sucking, salivation, swallowing, etc.
Unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning
Unconditioned response
a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning
Habituation
a temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus
Adaptation
a reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response (or set of responses) as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or environmental context
Potentiation
a temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus
Sensitization
the tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus
Respondent Conditioning
a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response
Conditioned Reflex
a simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response
Neutral Stimulus
a stimulus that has no eliciting effect on behavior prior to being paired contingently with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
a stimulus elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning (ontogenic provenance)
Conditioned Response
a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning
5 Respondent Conditioning Procedures
short delay, long delay, trace conditioning, simultaneous conditioning, and backward conditioning
Short Delay Conditioning
the ONSET of the CS must come first, 1-2 seconds before the ONSET of the US; very effective.
Long Delay Conditioning
the ONSET of the CS must come first, up to 30 seconds before the ONSET of the US; usually effective.
Trace Conditioning Procedure
the OFFSET of the CS must come before the ONSET of the US; sometimes effective.
Simultaneous Conditioning Procedure
CS and US occur at the same time; usually not effective.
Backward Conditioning Procedure
the ONSET of the US must come before the ONSET of the CS; almost always ineffective.
Higher-Order Conditioning
a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS) rather than with a US
Stimuli likely to be ineffective as a CE
stimulus changes that are subtle, indistinct or difficult to discriminate, and stimuli that have a complex learning history associated with them
Respondent Extinction
the process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US
The Process of Respondent Extinction
the unpairing of the CS and the US
Respondent Spontaneous Recovery
the sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex
Respondent Stimulus Generalization
the spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus
The Little Albert Experiment
aimed to discover ways that infants learn emotional reactions, and once conditioned aimed to show how to eliminate them
John Watson
the Father of Behaviorism who discovered that emotional reactions can be learned and proposed ways to counter-condition phobias
Phylogenic Provenance
the effect of stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species
Otogenic provenance
the effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in environment
