Unit 3 SAFMEDS

Question 1

Reflexes, Kinesis, Taxis, and Fixed action patterns

Answer 1

4 types of unlearned environment-behavior relations

Question 2

Reflex

Answer 2

a simple relation between an antecedent stimulus and a reflex response

Question 3

Elicit

Answer 3

to strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke

Question 4

Unconditioned reflex

Answer 4

a simple relation between a specific stimulus and a specific innate, involuntary response

Question 5

Examples of human reflexes

Answer 5

patellar reflex, eye blink, lachrymal reflex, pupillary, respiratory, sneeze, cough, sucking, salivation, swallowing, etc.

Question 6

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning

Question 7

Unconditioned response

Answer 7

a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning

Question 8

Habituation

Answer 8

a temporary reduction in a reflex response due to repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

a reduction in the frequency or magnitude of a response (or set of responses) as a result of prolonged exposure to a stimulus or environmental context

Question 10

Potentiation

Answer 10

a temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus

Question 11

Sensitization

Answer 11

the tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus

Question 12

Respondent Conditioning

Answer 12

a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response

Question 13

Conditioned Reflex

Answer 13

a simple relation between a specific conditioned stimulus and a conditioned involuntary response

Question 14

Neutral Stimulus

Answer 14

a stimulus that has no eliciting effect on behavior prior to being paired contingently with an unconditioned stimulus or another conditioned stimulus

Question 15

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer 15

a stimulus elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning (ontogenic provenance)

Question 16

Conditioned Response

Answer 16

a response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning

Question 17

5 Respondent Conditioning Procedures

Answer 17

short delay, long delay, trace conditioning, simultaneous conditioning, and backward conditioning

Question 18

Short Delay Conditioning

Answer 18

the ONSET of the CS must come first, 1-2 seconds before the ONSET of the US; very effective.

Question 19

Long Delay Conditioning

Answer 19

the ONSET of the CS must come first, up to 30 seconds before the ONSET of the US; usually effective.

Question 20

Trace Conditioning Procedure

Answer 20

the OFFSET of the CS must come before the ONSET of the US; sometimes effective.

Question 21

Simultaneous Conditioning Procedure

Answer 21

CS and US occur at the same time; usually not effective.

Question 22

Backward Conditioning Procedure

Answer 22

the ONSET of the US must come before the ONSET of the CS; almost always ineffective.

Question 23

Higher-Order Conditioning

Answer 23

a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus (CS) rather than with a US

Question 24

Stimuli likely to be ineffective as a CE

Answer 24

stimulus changes that are subtle, indistinct or difficult to discriminate, and stimuli that have a complex learning history associated with them

Question 25

Respondent Extinction

Answer 25

the process through which a conditioned reflex is weakened by discontinuing to pair the CS with the US

Question 26

The Process of Respondent Extinction

Answer 26

the unpairing of the CS and the US

Question 27

Respondent Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 27

the sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned reflex

Question 28

Respondent Stimulus Generalization

Answer 28

the spread of the effects of respondent conditioning to stimuli other than the conditioned stimulus

Question 29

The Little Albert Experiment

Answer 29

aimed to discover ways that infants learn emotional reactions, and once conditioned aimed to show how to eliminate them

Question 30

John Watson

Answer 30

the Father of Behaviorism who discovered that emotional reactions can be learned and proposed ways to counter-condition phobias

Question 31

Phylogenic Provenance

Answer 31

the effect of stimulus on a specific response may be innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species

Question 32

Otogenic provenance

Answer 32

the effect of the stimulus on a specific response may be learned, due to the experiential history of the individual organism in environment