UNIT 3 ➜ SAC 2 Flashcards (Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration)

Question 1

Photosynthesis Equation

Answer 1

6Co2 + 12H2O
Light ↓ Chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Question 2

Aerobic Cellular Respiration equation

Answer 2

(30-32 ADP + Pi) + 6O2 + C6H12O6
↓
6Co2 + 6H2O + 30-32 ATP

Question 3

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration equations
(Both Yeast/Plants AND Animals)

Answer 3

PLANTS
C6H12O6 (Glucose)
↓
2 CH3CH2OH + 2 Co2 + 2 ATP
(Ethnyl/Alcohol, Carbon dioxide, ATP)

ANIMALS
C6H12O6 (Glucose)
↓
2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP
(Lactic acid, ATP)

Question 4

For each stage of Photosynthesis, state:
a) The location
b) The inputs
c) The outputs

Answer 4

LIGHT-DEPENDENT STAGE
Location - Thylakoid membrane
Inputs - Water
Outputs - Oxygen

LIGHT-INDEPENDENT STAGE
Location - Stroma
Inputs - Carbon dioxide
Outputs - Glucose

Question 5

Describe what happens in each stage of Photosynthesis

Answer 5

LIGHT-DEPENDENT
Light strikes the chlorophyll pigment ⇨ Excites electrons to a higher state ⇨ Energy is converted into ATP + NADPH ⇨ Water is split, releasing oxygen as an output

LIGHT-INDEPENDENT
Carbon dioxide is captured/modified by Rubisco via carbon fixation ⇨ 6 carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle producing 1 glucose molecule

Question 6

What loaded carrier molecules are involved in the 2 stages of Photosynthesis?

Answer 6

LIGHT-DEPENDENT
Outputs - ATP, NADPH

LIGHT-INDEPENDENT
Outputs - ADP + Pi, NADP+

Question 7

a) What is Rubisco?

b) What is its role in the Calvin cycle - Photosynthesis?

Answer 7

a) A key enzyme involved in photosynthesis via the Carbon fixation process

b) The enzyme that incorporates CO2 into plants during Photosynthesis via Carbon fixation, turning the inorganic CO2 into usable organic CO2

Question 8

List the 3 stages of Aerobic Cellular respiration

Answer 8

1. Glycolysis
2. The Krebs cycle
3. The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 9

List the 2 stages of Anaerobic Cellular respiration

Answer 9

1. Glycolysis
2. Fermentation

Question 10

GLYCOLYSIS
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs

Answer 10

a) Cytosol

b) Glucose

c) 2 Pyruvate, NADH, 2 ATP net

Question 11

KREBS CYCLE
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs

Answer 11

a) Mitochondrial matrix

b) Pyruvate, Acetyl Coenzyme A

c) 6 CO2, NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP net

Question 12

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs

Answer 12

a) Inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae

b) NADH, FADH2, O2

c) H2O, NAD+, FAD, 26 or 28 ATP net

Question 13

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (YEAST/PLANTS)
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs

Answer 13

a) Cytoplasm/Cytosol (either or)

b) Glucose

c) CO2, Ethanol/Alcohol, 2 ATP net

Question 14

a) Define - Catabolic, Anabolic, Exergonic, Endergonic

b) Link 2 together in terms of reactions

Answer 14

Catabolic - Converts 1 substrates into 2 product
Anabolic - Converts 2 substrate into 1 products
Exergonic - Releases energy
Endergonic - Requires energy input

Anabolic = Endergonic
Catabolic = Exergonic

Question 15

a) Is Photosynthesis catabolic or anabolic?

b) Is Cellular respiration catabolic or anabolic?

Answer 15

a) Photosynthesis - Anabolic

b) Cellular respiration - Catabolic

Other note - Both processes are coenzyme dependent

Question 16

PRAC RESULTS
a) How does enzyme concent. affect the rate of reaction

b) How does light intensity/wavelength affect the rate of Photosynthesis?

c) How does glucose affect the rate of Anaerobic respiration?

Answer 16

a) Greater enzyme concentration leads to a greater rate of reaction (Constant increase given adequate substrate)

b) Greater light intensity = greater Photosynthesis rate
Greater rate in red/blue wavelengths due to Chlorophyll absorption

c) Presence of/Greater presence of Glucose = greater rate of Anaerobic respiration (Input)

Question 17

How do these factors affect Photosynthesis?
a) Light availability
b) Water availability
c) Temperature
d) CO2 concentration

Answer 17

a) ⇧ light intensity = ⇧ photosynthesis rate
- Reaches light saturation point, rate remains constant

b) Storage of water = slow/even stop photosynthesis
- Water stress can cause stomata to close, NO CO2

c) ⇧ temp = ⇧ photosynthesis rate
- Past optimum temp, denaturation of enzymes

d) ⇧ CO2 concentration = ⇧ photosynthesis rate
- More CO2 means more sugar being made in light independent

Question 18

What happens in GLYCOLYSIS?

Answer 18

Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate ⇨ 2 ATP and loaded carrier molecule NADH are produced ⇨ Enters the Krebs cycle

Question 19

What happens in the KREBS CYCLE?

Answer 19

Pyruvate moves to the mitochondria via cytosol ⇨ Pyruvate forms an immediate - Acetyl coA ⇨ Each pyruvate forms 3 CO2 molecules ⇨ Carrier molecules are loaded (NAD, FAD ⇨ NADH, FADH2)

Question 20

What happens in the ETC?

Answer 20

NADH and FADH2 move to the Inner Mitochondrial membrane, releasing electrons and protons ⇨ Electrons pass through the cristae and its cytochrome ⇨ Protons create a proton gradient due to different charges ⇨ Electrons move along and pass through ATP synthase to make ATP

Question 21

Independent variable
VS
Dependent variable

Answer 21

IV - What is being changed/manipulated in the prac

DV - What is being measured/the effect of the manipulation