UNIT 3 ➜ SAC 2 Flashcards (Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration)
Photosynthesis Equation
6Co2 + 12H2O
Light ↓ Chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Aerobic Cellular Respiration equation
(30-32 ADP + Pi) + 6O2 + C6H12O6
↓
6Co2 + 6H2O + 30-32 ATP
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration equations
(Both Yeast/Plants AND Animals)
PLANTS
C6H12O6 (Glucose)
↓
2 CH3CH2OH + 2 Co2 + 2 ATP
(Ethnyl/Alcohol, Carbon dioxide, ATP)
ANIMALS
C6H12O6 (Glucose)
↓
2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP
(Lactic acid, ATP)
For each stage of Photosynthesis, state:
a) The location
b) The inputs
c) The outputs
LIGHT-DEPENDENT STAGE
Location - Thylakoid membrane
Inputs - Water
Outputs - Oxygen
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT STAGE
Location - Stroma
Inputs - Carbon dioxide
Outputs - Glucose
Describe what happens in each stage of Photosynthesis
LIGHT-DEPENDENT
Light strikes the chlorophyll pigment ⇨ Excites electrons to a higher state ⇨ Energy is converted into ATP + NADPH ⇨ Water is split, releasing oxygen as an output
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT
Carbon dioxide is captured/modified by Rubisco via carbon fixation ⇨ 6 carbon dioxide molecules enter the Calvin cycle producing 1 glucose molecule
What loaded carrier molecules are involved in the 2 stages of Photosynthesis?
LIGHT-DEPENDENT
Outputs - ATP, NADPH
LIGHT-INDEPENDENT
Outputs - ADP + Pi, NADP+
a) What is Rubisco?
b) What is its role in the Calvin cycle - Photosynthesis?
a) A key enzyme involved in photosynthesis via the Carbon fixation process
b) The enzyme that incorporates CO2 into plants during Photosynthesis via Carbon fixation, turning the inorganic CO2 into usable organic CO2
List the 3 stages of Aerobic Cellular respiration
- Glycolysis
- The Krebs cycle
- The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
List the 2 stages of Anaerobic Cellular respiration
- Glycolysis
- Fermentation
GLYCOLYSIS
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs
a) Cytosol
b) Glucose
c) 2 Pyruvate, NADH, 2 ATP net
KREBS CYCLE
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs
a) Mitochondrial matrix
b) Pyruvate, Acetyl Coenzyme A
c) 6 CO2, NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP net
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs
a) Inner mitochondrial membrane/cristae
b) NADH, FADH2, O2
c) H2O, NAD+, FAD, 26 or 28 ATP net
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (YEAST/PLANTS)
a) Location
b) The Inputs
c) The Outputs
a) Cytoplasm/Cytosol (either or)
b) Glucose
c) CO2, Ethanol/Alcohol, 2 ATP net
a) Define - Catabolic, Anabolic, Exergonic, Endergonic
b) Link 2 together in terms of reactions
Catabolic - Converts 1 substrates into 2 product
Anabolic - Converts 2 substrate into 1 products
Exergonic - Releases energy
Endergonic - Requires energy input
Anabolic = Endergonic
Catabolic = Exergonic
a) Is Photosynthesis catabolic or anabolic?
b) Is Cellular respiration catabolic or anabolic?
a) Photosynthesis - Anabolic
b) Cellular respiration - Catabolic
Other note - Both processes are coenzyme dependent
PRAC RESULTS
a) How does enzyme concent. affect the rate of reaction
b) How does light intensity/wavelength affect the rate of Photosynthesis?
c) How does glucose affect the rate of Anaerobic respiration?
a) Greater enzyme concentration leads to a greater rate of reaction (Constant increase given adequate substrate)
b) Greater light intensity = greater Photosynthesis rate
Greater rate in red/blue wavelengths due to Chlorophyll absorption
c) Presence of/Greater presence of Glucose = greater rate of Anaerobic respiration (Input)
How do these factors affect Photosynthesis?
a) Light availability
b) Water availability
c) Temperature
d) CO2 concentration
a) ⇧ light intensity = ⇧ photosynthesis rate
- Reaches light saturation point, rate remains constant
b) Storage of water = slow/even stop photosynthesis
- Water stress can cause stomata to close, NO CO2
c) ⇧ temp = ⇧ photosynthesis rate
- Past optimum temp, denaturation of enzymes
d) ⇧ CO2 concentration = ⇧ photosynthesis rate
- More CO2 means more sugar being made in light independent
What happens in GLYCOLYSIS?
Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate ⇨ 2 ATP and loaded carrier molecule NADH are produced ⇨ Enters the Krebs cycle
What happens in the KREBS CYCLE?
Pyruvate moves to the mitochondria via cytosol ⇨ Pyruvate forms an immediate - Acetyl coA ⇨ Each pyruvate forms 3 CO2 molecules ⇨ Carrier molecules are loaded (NAD, FAD ⇨ NADH, FADH2)
What happens in the ETC?
NADH and FADH2 move to the Inner Mitochondrial membrane, releasing electrons and protons ⇨ Electrons pass through the cristae and its cytochrome ⇨ Protons create a proton gradient due to different charges ⇨ Electrons move along and pass through ATP synthase to make ATP
Independent variable
VS
Dependent variable
IV - What is being changed/manipulated in the prac
DV - What is being measured/the effect of the manipulation
