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DPT 701 > unit 3 RED > Flashcards

unit 3 RED Flashcards

1
Q

only bone that does not articulate with other bones

A

hyoid bone

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2
Q

Adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence

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3
Q

tracheostomy entry point

A

below laryngeal prominence

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4
Q

epiglottis cartilage type

A

elastic

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5
Q

primary type of cartilage in the body

A

hyaline

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6
Q

triangle for palpating carotid pulse

A

carotid triangle (of anterior triangle)

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7
Q

danger space that leads directly into the mediastinum

A

retropharyngeal space

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8
Q

nerve that has motor + somatic/visceral sensory components (C3-C5)

A

phrenic nerve

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9
Q

C2 dorsal ramus

A

greater occipital nerve

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10
Q

1st branch off the subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery

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11
Q

first branch off of axillary artery

A

supreme thoracic artery

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12
Q

1st branch off of external carotid artery

A

superior thyroid artery

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13
Q

nerve innervation of platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

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14
Q

nerve innervation or SCM

A

spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

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15
Q

tightness of same side or weakness of contralateral side of SCM, unilateral impairment

A

torticollis

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16
Q

cranial nerve VII exits through which foramen

A

internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen

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17
Q

2 muscles innervated by C1 through hypoglossal nerve

A

geniohyoid and thyrohyoid

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18
Q

compresses brachial plexus trunk and subclavian artery in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

anterior and middle scalene muscles

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19
Q

compresses brachial plexus divisions/cords and subclavian/axillary arteries in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

clavicle and 1st rib

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20
Q

2 structures spared in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

thyrocervical trunk and subclavian vein

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21
Q

carotid sheath components at superior neck

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

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22
Q

bone degradation, decreased level of calcium in the body (conditions)

A

osteopenia and osteoporosis

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23
Q

increased level of calcium in the body (condition)

A

calcification

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24
Q

occasional artery that supplies the thyroid and parathyroid glands 10% of the time

A

IMA

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25
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into which vein?

A

internal jugular vein

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26
Q

somatic innervation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve of vagus nerve

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27
Q

visceral motor innervation of the trachea muscles

A

vagus nerve (parasympathetic)

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28
Q

division line of somatic and visceral compartments

A

cricoid cartilage

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29
Q

larynx muscles are covered by what to create the vocal folds?

A

mucosa

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30
Q

location of laryngopharynx

A

below cricoid cartilage

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31
Q

distal attachments of extrinsic pharynx muscles

A

all merge together posteriorly

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32
Q

only skeletal muscle innervated by cranial nerve IX

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

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33
Q

afferent nerve of gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX)

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34
Q

efferent nerve of gag reflex

A

vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)

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35
Q

proximal attachment of the esophagus

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage

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36
Q

right and left vertebral arteries cross the transverse foramen at what vertebral level?

A

C6

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37
Q

first branch off the internal carotid artery

A

ophthalmic artery

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38
Q

vertebral arteries are a branch off which artery?

A

subclavian artery

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39
Q

artery that supplies anterior medulla oblongata

A

anterior spinal artery

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40
Q

artery that supplies inferior part of posterior lobe of cerebellum

A

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

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41
Q

arteries that supply the posterior medulla oblongata

A

posterior spinal arteries

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42
Q

artery that supplies the inferolateral posterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

AICA (anterior inferior cerebellar artery)

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43
Q

artery branches that supply the pons

A

pontine branches

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44
Q

artery that supplies the anterior lobe and superior posterior lobe of the cerebellum

A

SCA (superior cerebellar artery)

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45
Q

artery that supplies the posterior cerebrum

A

PCA (posterior cerebral artery)

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46
Q

SCA and PCA branches supply what part of the brain

A

midbrain

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47
Q

artery that supplies the frontal, parietal, and limbic lobes for contralateral lower limb somatic motor and sensation, as well as emotions

A

ACA (anterior cerebral artery)

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48
Q

artery that supplies the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes for contralateral trunk, upper limb, and face somatic motor and sensation, hearing, language if on the left side, and spatial cognition and emotion if on the right side

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

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49
Q

artery that supplies the temporal and occipital lobes for memory and contralateral visual field

A

PCA (posterior cerebral artery)

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50
Q

the posterior spinal artery is a branch from which artery?

A

PICA (posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

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51
Q

circle of willis arteries

A

anterior communicating artery
2 ACA
2 IC
2 posterior communicating arteries
2 PCA

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52
Q

which major artery is not a member of the circle of willis?

A

MCA (middle cerebral artery)

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53
Q

center of life and death

A

hypothalamus

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54
Q

type of stroke with intraparenchymal bleeding

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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55
Q

patients younger than 55 with a hemorrhagic stroke must be screened for what?

A

drug abuse

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56
Q

type of stroke that has blockage of blood supply and results in hypoxemic damage

A

ischemic stroke

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57
Q

brain sinus that is a part of the dangerous triangle because it can spread infection to the brain

A

cavernous sinus

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58
Q

connects lateral ventricles and the third ventricle

A

foramen of monro (interventricular foramen)

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59
Q

connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

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60
Q

creates CSF

A

choroid plexus

61
Q

suspend brain in the cerebral spinal fluid, holds 97% of weight (buoyance)

A

arachnoid trabeculae

62
Q

large subarachnoid space is holding cerebrospinal fluid over the brain (outside of brain structures)

63
Q

reabsorbs cerebrospinal fluid into venous sinus blood

A

arachnoid granulations

64
Q

blockage of cerebral spinal fluid which leads to increased intracranial pressure (buildup of SCSF on the brain)

A

hydrocephalus

65
Q

vein that can spread infection from scalp to the meninges and brain

A

emissary vein

66
Q

type of brain injury that occurs when blood accumulates between the skull and the dura mater, most likely due to an injury of the middle meningeal artery and pterion, medical emergency leads due to loss of consciousness and coma

A

epidural hematoma

67
Q

type of brain injury due to disruption of bridging veins that occurs in the dural border cell layers

A

subdural hematoma 

68
Q

type of brain injury due to disruption of blood vessels in the ventricles or cisterns, occurs in the cerebral spinal fluid, increases intracranial pressure while impairing the drainage of cerebral spinal fluid

A

subarachnoid hematoma

69
Q

dura mater attachment in the neurocranium

70
Q

weakest point of the neurocranium

71
Q

divides the brain into right and left hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

72
Q

divides the brain into the cerebrum and cerebellum

A

transverse fissure

73
Q

sulcus in between precentral and postcentral gyri 

A

central sulcus

74
Q

primary somatic motor cortex (M1)

A

precentral gyrus

75
Q

primary somatic sensory cortex (S1)

A

postcentral gyrus

76
Q

sulcus that divides the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

77
Q

primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe (A1)

A

superior temporal gyrus

78
Q

marks the boundary between the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe

A

preoccipital notch

79
Q

sulcus that divides the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe

A

pariteoccipital sulcus

80
Q

sulcus in the occipital lobe that contains the primary visual cortex (V1)

A

calcarine sulcus

81
Q

location of subthalamic nucleus

A

diencephalon

82
Q

location of substantia nigra

83
Q

only cranial nerve originating from the posterior

A

trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV)

84
Q

unique spinal nerve, ascending C1—C5 of cervical spinal nerve, somatic motor only

A

spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

85
Q

sudden inability to coordinate muscle movement due to disease or injury to the cerebellum

86
Q

where does the middle cerebral peduncle locate?

87
Q

contents of the temporal fossa

A

upper portion of temporalis muscle
superficial temporal artery and vein

88
Q

ganglion in the infratemporal fossa

A

otic ganglion

89
Q

ganglion in pterygopalatine fossa

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

90
Q

facial expression branches

A

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
posterior auricular

91
Q

cranial nerve V1
somatic/chemical sensation
exits through superior orbital fissure
chemical sensation: pungency of mustard
terminal sensory branch: supraorbital nerve

A

ophthalmic nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

92
Q

cranial nerve V2
somatic/chemical sensation
exits through foramen rotundum
chemical sensation: smell
terminal sensory branch: infraorbital nerve

A

maxillary nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

93
Q

cranial nerve V3
somatic motor and somatic sensory
exits through the foramen ovale
chemical sensation: taste
terminal sensory branch: mental nerve
motor: mastication muscles, hearing, swallowing

A

mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

94
Q

part of the face that is not innervated by the trigeminal nerve

A

mandibular angle

95
Q

artery that is very tortuous for facial expression

A

facial artery

96
Q

middle meningeal artery is a branch off of what artery?

A

maxillary artery

97
Q

artery that is wrapped by auriculotemporal nerve

A

middle meningeal artery

98
Q

inflamed superficial temporal artery

A

temporal arteritis

99
Q

veins that drain into the superior sagittal sinus directly

A

emissary veins (or diploic veins)

100
Q

blink reflex part of the orbicularis oculi

A

palpebral part

101
Q

dangerous zones that infection can spread into cranium from scalp and face

A

emissary veins and cavernous sinus

102
Q

heads of what two muscles interdigital each other?

A

medial and lateral pterygoid muscles

103
Q

only muscle that can retract the mandible

A

temporalis muscle

104
Q

main innervation of the mastication muscles

A

trigeminal nerve

105
Q

why are the scalp and face borders defined at the supraorbital margin?

A

innervations are different (cranial nerve VII)
frontalis and occipitalis muscles can be regulated differently from other facial expression muscles

106
Q

which facial muscle is different from all others and is deep in the face?

A

buccinator

107
Q

damage above the lower motor nuclei in one hemisphere
paralysis of contralateral face, scalp spared

A

upper motor neuron injury (UMN)

108
Q

damage in or below the lower motor nuclei
paralysis of both ipsilateral scalp and face

A

lower motor neuron injury (LMN)

109
Q

signs after stroke (UMN)

A

can elevate eyebrows
facial drop
difficult to close eyes and mouth
drooling and tearing on the affected side

110
Q

signs after Bell’s palsy (UMN)

A

can elevate eyebrow
facial drop
difficult to close eyes and mouth
drooling and tearing on the affected side
dry mouth/dry eye

111
Q

“crying” during eating in patients recovering from Bell’s palsy
visceral motor spared

A

crocodile tears syndrome

112
Q

can facial nerve LMN injury patients smile symmetrically?

113
Q

can facial nerve LMN injury patients smile symmetrically?

A

IF patient’s limbic lobe is spared
yes when they hear something funny
no when asked to smile (voluntary)

114
Q

medial wall faces which direction in the orbit?

115
Q

lateral wall faces which direction in the orbit?

116
Q

2 nerves that pass lateral and over the cartilage of foramen lacerum

A

deep petrosal nerve
greater petrosal nerve

117
Q

postganglionic axons of sympathetic and preganglionic axons of parasympathetic in the pterygoid canal

A

nerve of pterygoid canal

118
Q

constriction of the pupil in the iris in response to light
OR iris adjustment for intensive light stimuli

A

pupillary light reflex

119
Q

muscle that is only innervated by postganglionic fibers from ciliary ganglion (parasympathetic)

A

ciliary body

120
Q

2 smooth muscle groups in the eye

A

ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

121
Q

condition with constricted pupil, partial eyelid ptosis (drooping), and no sweating on the affected side
disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply
parasympathetic functions are not balanced

A

horner’s syndrome

122
Q

facial expression functions of the eyelids

A

wink and blink reflex

123
Q

(muscle) eyeball rolls down and outward
innervated by the trochlear nerve (IV)

A

superior oblique

124
Q

(muscle) eyeball rolls up and outward
innervated by the oculomotor nerve (III)

A

inferior oblique

125
Q

2 eyes not lined up properly to different directions
condition of misalignment of the eyes

A

strabismus

126
Q

adducted eyeballs (convergence) abducent (VI) palsy

127
Q

abducted eyeballs (divergence)
medial rectus not working
oculomotor (III) nerve palsy

128
Q

elevated eyeballs
trochlear (IV) nerve palsy

A

hypertropia

129
Q

depressed eyeballs
inferior oblique muscle not working
oculomotor (III) nerve palsy

A

hypotropia

130
Q

wall of the nasal cavity that has the inferior nasal conchae

A

lateral wall

131
Q

located in the septum of the nasal cavity

132
Q

visceral motor parasympathetic innervation of the mucosal glands

A

facial nerve in the pterygopalatine ganglion

133
Q

visceral motor innervation for the blood vessels in the nasal cavity

A

sympathetic
can be inhibited (dilation)

134
Q

part of the central nervous system
can be affected during multiple sclerosis

A

olfactory bulb

135
Q

bleeding nose

136
Q

structure in external ear that is made up of elastic cartilage

137
Q

first ossified and fully mature at birth

A

auditory ossicles

138
Q

course around the handle interacting with the tympanic membrane
posterior to anterior direction

A

chorda tympani

139
Q

muscle that is coordinated with the mastication muscles innervated by cranial nerve V3

A

tensor tympani muscle

140
Q

smallest skeletal muscle in the body

141
Q

a disorder in loudness perception

A

hyperacusis

142
Q

cochlear component function of cranial nerve VIII

143
Q

vestibular component function of cranial nerve VIII

A

propioception and balance

144
Q

how many ears is functionally enough?

145
Q

functions of the buccinator muscle

A

hold food in the oral cavity and speech

146
Q

inferior alveolar nerve:mental nerve
buccal nerve
lingual nerve: gingiva

A

branches off the mandibular nerve (V3)

147
Q

muscle palate that separates the oral cavity from the nasopharynx

A

soft palate

148
Q

imbalance of bilateral intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
protrusion of the tongue will deviate to the weaker side
(opposite to other muscular deficiency)
difficult to eat, speak, and bite the tongue easily

A

hypoglossal nerve (XII) deficiency

DPT 701 (5 decks)

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