anterior neck and visceral organs powerpoint Flashcards
superior boundary of the neck
inferior border of mandible and C1
inferior boundary of the neck
transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process
conduit for structures passing between the head and the trunk, WEAKEST PART OF THE BODY
neck
only bone that does not articulate with other bones
hyoid bone
3 parts of the hyoid bone
body
greater horn
lesser horn
half ring cartilage
thyroid cartilage
adam’s apple
laryngeal prominence
lamina degree angle range on thyroid cartilage
90-120 degrees
only bone in the neck that is a part of the appendicular skeleton
clavicles
bones in the neck
cervical vertebrae
hyoid bone
manubrium
clavicles
vertebral level of the hyoid bone
C3-C4
serves an as attachment for anterior neck muscles and a prop to keep the airway open
hyoid bone
full ring cartilage, thicker and stronger, has facets to articulate with other cartilages
cricoid
only complete ring of cartilage to encircle any part of the airway
cricoid cartilage
type of cartilage that articulates with the superior facets of cricoid cartilage, apex and vocal process
arytenoid cartilage
type of cartilage + structure that articulates with the inferior facets of cricoid cartilage
thyroid cartilage inferior horn
tracheostomy entry point
under the laryngeal prominence, between the first and second tracheal rings
a transverse incision through the skin of the neck and anterior wall of the trachea to establish an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure
tracheostomy
cartilage located in the folds of the epiglottis
cuneiform cartilage
3 other types of cartilage
arytenoids
corniculate
cuneiform
leaf like elastic cartilage
epiglottis
main type of cartilage in the body (except epiglottis)
hyaline
2 main functions of the epiglottis
depress and elevate
epiglottis depression
swallowing reflex
epiglottis elevation
breath and voice
superior border of the anterior triangle
mandibular inferior edge
anterior border of the anterior triangle
midline of the neck (mandibular symphysis to jugular notch)
inferior border of the anterior triangle
anterior border of SCM muscle
4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle
submandibular triangle
submental triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triangle
triangle for palpation of carotid pulse
carotid triangle
anterior border of the posterior triangle
posterior border of SCM muscle
inferior border of the posterior triangle
clavicle
posterior border of the posterior triangle
anterior border of the upper trapezius muscle
superficial fascia
platysma
four compartments of deep fascia
investing
visceral
carotid
vertebral
fascia that wraps around superficial neck muscles and the whole neck
investing fascia
fascial that covers neck visceral organs
visceral fascia
fascia that covers the neuromuscular structures
carotid fascia
fascia that covers intrinsic neck muscles
vertebral fascia
functions of fascia
protects structures
prevents the spread of infection
allows free motion of the neck during swallowing and turning
fascia spaces lead to which area of the thoracic cavity
mediastinum
retropharyngeal space
danger space of fascia
2 divisions of cervical plexus
muscular and cutaneous
motor innervation of infrahyoid neck muscles
ansa cervicalis
superior root of ansa cervicalis
C1 through hypoglossal nerve
inferior root of ansa cervicalis
C2-C3
cervical plexus: ventral or dorsal?
all ventral rami
nerve in the cervical plexus that has somatic and visceral sensory components
phrenic nerve C3-C5
1st branch off external carotid artery
superior thyroid artery
1st branch off internal carotid artery
ophthalmic artery
dural venous system
superficial vein drains into internal jugular vein
vein at posterior mandibular angle, superficial to the SCM muscle, and drains into subclavian vein
external jugular vein
brachiocephalic veins
internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
veins that drain 25% of lymph from the body
right subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle
veins that drain 75% of lymph from the body
left subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle
superficial fascia compartment muscle
platysma
investing fascia compartment muscle
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
unilateral impairment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), tightness of same side or weakness of contralateral side
torticolis
4 suprahyoid muscles of the investing fascia compartment
stylohyoid
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
muscle deep to the mylohyoid
geniohyoid
4 infrahyoid muscles of the investing fascia compartment
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
function of the thoracic duct
lymphatic drainage
where does the thoracic duct drain its contents into the blood circulating system?
left subclavian vein
a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your clavicle and your first rib are compressed
thoracic outlet syndrome
thoracic outlet
between clavicle and 1st rib
boundary of carotid sheath
base of skull to 1st rib/sternum
cranial nerve that delivers C1 motor component
hypoglossal
2 muscles that receive C1 motor component from the hypoglossal nerve
geniohyoid (suprahyoid muscle) and thyrohyoid (infrahyoid muscle)
2 glands in the superficial layer of the visceral fascia compartment
thyroid gland and parathyroid gland
endocrine organ that secretes thyroid hormone, left and right lobes
thyroid gland
function of thyroid hormone
regulate metabolism
thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone, increases metabolism, thin and hot
hyperthyroidism
thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone, decreases metabolism, fat and cold
hypothyroidism
imbedded in superior and inferior poles of each lobe of the thyroid gland (4), secretes parathyroid hormone
parathyroid gland
function of parathyroid hormone
regulate calcium level in the blood
bone degradation, bone density is lower than usual for their age
osteopenia
bone degradation, a more severe case of bone loss that weakens the bones and makes them more likely to fracture
osteoporosis
function of calcium
absorption,
occurs when you have a buildup of excess calcium in your body
calcification
inferior thyroid artery is a branch from which artery?
thyrocervical trunk
superior thyroid artery is a branch from which artery?
external carotid artery
which arteries provide blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
superior and inferior thyroid arteries `
artery that occasionally (10%) sends one branch to the isthmus of the thyroid gland
IMA
superior and middle thyroid veins drain into which vein?
internal jugular vein
inferior thyroid vein drains into which vein?
left brachiocephalic vein
visceral sensory innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
superior laryngeal nerve from cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
is the superior laryngeal nerve myelinated or unmyelinated?
myelinated
visceral motor innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
unmyelinated, postganglionic axons
visceral motor - sympathetic innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid glands
middle cervical ganglia
function of the middle cervical ganglia (hormones)
decrease thyroid hormone release
increase parathyroid hormone release
visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid glands
superior laryngeal nerve
function of the middle cervical ganglia (hormones)
increase thyroid hormone release
type of muscle in the larynx
skeletal
type of muscle in the trachea
smooth
innervation in the larynx
somatic motor by vagus nerve, voluntary control
functions of the larynx
respiration and speech
innervation of the trachea
visceral motor by vagus nerve, involuntary control (parasympathetic)
division line of somatic vs visceral
cricoid cartilage
muscle covering in the larynx to create the vocal folds
mucosa
intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all innervated by what nerve?
recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X
2 arteries that supply the larynx and trachea
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
2 veins that drain the larynx and trachea
superior and inferior laryngeal veins
the superior laryngeal vein drains to which vein?
superior thyroid vein
the inferior laryngeal vein drains to which vein?
inferior thyroid vein
2 organs in the middle layer of the visceral/somatic compartment
larynx and trachea
region of the pharynx for respiration
nasopharynx
region of the pharynx for digestion, posterior 1/3 of the tongue
oropharynx
region of the pharynx for respiration and digestion
laryngopharynx
region of the pharynx below coracoid cartilage
laryngopharynx
2 organs in the deep layer of the visceral/somatic compartment
pharynx and esophagus
extrinsic muscles of the pharynx all merge together where?
posteriorly
functions of the extrinsic pharynx muscles
constrict/narrow wall of pharynx during swallowing
innervation of the extrinsic pharynx muscles
vagus nerve
only skeletal muscle that is innervated by the cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
stylopharyngeus (pharynx intrinsic muscle)
2 pharynx intrinsic muscles innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)
palatopharygeus
salpingopharyngeus
function of pharynx intrinsic muscles
elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing
vomiting when eating possibly dangerous food
gag reflex
afferent nerve of gag reflex
cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)
efferent nerve of gag reflex
cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
continuous to the pharynx, INFERIOR BORDER OF CRICOID CARTILAGE
esophagus
vertebral level of esophageal hiatus
T10