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DPT 701 > anterior neck and visceral organs powerpoint > Flashcards

anterior neck and visceral organs powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

superior boundary of the neck

A

inferior border of mandible and C1

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2
Q

inferior boundary of the neck

A

transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process

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3
Q

conduit for structures passing between the head and the trunk, WEAKEST PART OF THE BODY

A

neck

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4
Q

only bone that does not articulate with other bones

A

hyoid bone

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5
Q

3 parts of the hyoid bone

A

body
greater horn
lesser horn

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6
Q

half ring cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

adam’s apple

A

laryngeal prominence

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8
Q

lamina degree angle range on thyroid cartilage

A

90-120 degrees

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9
Q

only bone in the neck that is a part of the appendicular skeleton

A

clavicles

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10
Q

bones in the neck

A

cervical vertebrae
hyoid bone
manubrium
clavicles

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11
Q

vertebral level of the hyoid bone

A

C3-C4

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12
Q

serves an as attachment for anterior neck muscles and a prop to keep the airway open

A

hyoid bone

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13
Q

full ring cartilage, thicker and stronger, has facets to articulate with other cartilages

A

cricoid

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14
Q

only complete ring of cartilage to encircle any part of the airway

A

cricoid cartilage

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15
Q

type of cartilage that articulates with the superior facets of cricoid cartilage, apex and vocal process

A

arytenoid cartilage

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16
Q

type of cartilage + structure that articulates with the inferior facets of cricoid cartilage

A

thyroid cartilage inferior horn

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17
Q

tracheostomy entry point

A

under the laryngeal prominence, between the first and second tracheal rings

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18
Q

a transverse incision through the skin of the neck and anterior wall of the trachea to establish an airway in patients with upper airway obstruction or respiratory failure

A

tracheostomy

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19
Q

cartilage located in the folds of the epiglottis

A

cuneiform cartilage

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20
Q

3 other types of cartilage

A

arytenoids
corniculate
cuneiform

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21
Q

leaf like elastic cartilage

A

epiglottis

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22
Q

main type of cartilage in the body (except epiglottis)

A

hyaline

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23
Q

2 main functions of the epiglottis

A

depress and elevate

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24
Q

epiglottis depression

A

swallowing reflex

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25
Q

epiglottis elevation

A

breath and voice

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26
Q

superior border of the anterior triangle

A

mandibular inferior edge

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27
Q

anterior border of the anterior triangle

A

midline of the neck (mandibular symphysis to jugular notch)

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28
Q

inferior border of the anterior triangle

A

anterior border of SCM muscle

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29
Q

4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle

A

submandibular triangle
submental triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triangle

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30
Q

triangle for palpation of carotid pulse

A

carotid triangle

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31
Q

anterior border of the posterior triangle

A

posterior border of SCM muscle

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32
Q

inferior border of the posterior triangle

A

clavicle

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33
Q

posterior border of the posterior triangle

A

anterior border of the upper trapezius muscle

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34
Q

superficial fascia

A

platysma

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35
Q

four compartments of deep fascia

A

investing
visceral
carotid
vertebral

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36
Q

fascia that wraps around superficial neck muscles and the whole neck

A

investing fascia

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37
Q

fascial that covers neck visceral organs

A

visceral fascia

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38
Q

fascia that covers the neuromuscular structures

A

carotid fascia

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39
Q

fascia that covers intrinsic neck muscles

A

vertebral fascia

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40
Q

functions of fascia

A

protects structures
prevents the spread of infection
allows free motion of the neck during swallowing and turning

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41
Q

fascia spaces lead to which area of the thoracic cavity

A

mediastinum

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42
Q

retropharyngeal space

A

danger space of fascia

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43
Q

2 divisions of cervical plexus

A

muscular and cutaneous

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44
Q

motor innervation of infrahyoid neck muscles

A

ansa cervicalis

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45
Q

superior root of ansa cervicalis

A

C1 through hypoglossal nerve

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46
Q

inferior root of ansa cervicalis

A

C2-C3

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47
Q

cervical plexus: ventral or dorsal?

A

all ventral rami

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48
Q

nerve in the cervical plexus that has somatic and visceral sensory components

A

phrenic nerve C3-C5

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49
Q

1st branch off external carotid artery

A

superior thyroid artery

50
Q

1st branch off internal carotid artery

A

ophthalmic artery

51
Q

dural venous system

A

superficial vein drains into internal jugular vein

52
Q

vein at posterior mandibular angle, superficial to the SCM muscle, and drains into subclavian vein

A

external jugular vein

53
Q

brachiocephalic veins

A

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

54
Q

veins that drain 25% of lymph from the body

A

right subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle

55
Q

veins that drain 75% of lymph from the body

A

left subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle

56
Q

superficial fascia compartment muscle

A

platysma

57
Q

investing fascia compartment muscle

A

sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

58
Q

unilateral impairment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), tightness of same side or weakness of contralateral side

A

torticolis

59
Q

4 suprahyoid muscles of the investing fascia compartment

A

stylohyoid
digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

60
Q

muscle deep to the mylohyoid

A

geniohyoid

61
Q

4 infrahyoid muscles of the investing fascia compartment

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid

62
Q

function of the thoracic duct

A

lymphatic drainage

63
Q

where does the thoracic duct drain its contents into the blood circulating system?

A

left subclavian vein

64
Q

a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your clavicle and your first rib are compressed

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

65
Q

thoracic outlet

A

between clavicle and 1st rib

66
Q

boundary of carotid sheath

A

base of skull to 1st rib/sternum

67
Q

cranial nerve that delivers C1 motor component

A

hypoglossal

68
Q

2 muscles that receive C1 motor component from the hypoglossal nerve

A

geniohyoid (suprahyoid muscle) and thyrohyoid (infrahyoid muscle)

69
Q

2 glands in the superficial layer of the visceral fascia compartment

A

thyroid gland and parathyroid gland

70
Q

endocrine organ that secretes thyroid hormone, left and right lobes

A

thyroid gland

71
Q

function of thyroid hormone

A

regulate metabolism

72
Q

thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone, increases metabolism, thin and hot

A

hyperthyroidism

73
Q

thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone, decreases metabolism, fat and cold

A

hypothyroidism

74
Q

imbedded in superior and inferior poles of each lobe of the thyroid gland (4), secretes parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid gland

75
Q

function of parathyroid hormone

A

regulate calcium level in the blood

76
Q

bone degradation, bone density is lower than usual for their age

A

osteopenia

77
Q

bone degradation, a more severe case of bone loss that weakens the bones and makes them more likely to fracture

A

osteoporosis

78
Q

function of calcium

A

absorption,

79
Q

occurs when you have a buildup of excess calcium in your body

A

calcification

80
Q

inferior thyroid artery is a branch from which artery?

A

thyrocervical trunk

81
Q

superior thyroid artery is a branch from which artery?

A

external carotid artery

82
Q

which arteries provide blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries `

83
Q

artery that occasionally (10%) sends one branch to the isthmus of the thyroid gland

A

IMA

84
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into which vein?

A

internal jugular vein

85
Q

inferior thyroid vein drains into which vein?

A

left brachiocephalic vein

86
Q

visceral sensory innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

superior laryngeal nerve from cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)

87
Q

is the superior laryngeal nerve myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

myelinated

88
Q

visceral motor innervation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

unmyelinated, postganglionic axons

89
Q

visceral motor - sympathetic innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

middle cervical ganglia

90
Q

function of the middle cervical ganglia (hormones)

A

decrease thyroid hormone release
increase parathyroid hormone release

91
Q

visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation for the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

superior laryngeal nerve

92
Q

function of the middle cervical ganglia (hormones)

A

increase thyroid hormone release

93
Q

type of muscle in the larynx

A

skeletal

94
Q

type of muscle in the trachea

A

smooth

95
Q

innervation in the larynx

A

somatic motor by vagus nerve, voluntary control

96
Q

functions of the larynx

A

respiration and speech

97
Q

innervation of the trachea

A

visceral motor by vagus nerve, involuntary control (parasympathetic)

98
Q

division line of somatic vs visceral

A

cricoid cartilage

99
Q

muscle covering in the larynx to create the vocal folds

A

mucosa

100
Q

intrinsic muscles of the larynx are all innervated by what nerve?

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X

101
Q

2 arteries that supply the larynx and trachea

A

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

102
Q

2 veins that drain the larynx and trachea

A

superior and inferior laryngeal veins

103
Q

the superior laryngeal vein drains to which vein?

A

superior thyroid vein

104
Q

the inferior laryngeal vein drains to which vein?

A

inferior thyroid vein

105
Q

2 organs in the middle layer of the visceral/somatic compartment

A

larynx and trachea

106
Q

region of the pharynx for respiration

A

nasopharynx

107
Q

region of the pharynx for digestion, posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

oropharynx

108
Q

region of the pharynx for respiration and digestion

A

laryngopharynx

109
Q

region of the pharynx below coracoid cartilage

A

laryngopharynx

110
Q

2 organs in the deep layer of the visceral/somatic compartment

A

pharynx and esophagus

111
Q

extrinsic muscles of the pharynx all merge together where?

A

posteriorly

112
Q

functions of the extrinsic pharynx muscles

A

constrict/narrow wall of pharynx during swallowing

113
Q

innervation of the extrinsic pharynx muscles

A

vagus nerve

114
Q

only skeletal muscle that is innervated by the cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

A

stylopharyngeus (pharynx intrinsic muscle)

115
Q

2 pharynx intrinsic muscles innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)

A

palatopharygeus
salpingopharyngeus

116
Q

function of pharynx intrinsic muscles

A

elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing

117
Q

vomiting when eating possibly dangerous food

A

gag reflex

118
Q

afferent nerve of gag reflex

A

cranial nerve 9 (glossopharyngeal)

119
Q

efferent nerve of gag reflex

A

cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)

120
Q

continuous to the pharynx, INFERIOR BORDER OF CRICOID CARTILAGE

A

esophagus

121
Q

vertebral level of esophageal hiatus

A

T10

DPT 701 (5 decks)

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