Unit 3 Pulmonary physiology Flashcards
What sets basic drive in brain stem
Respiratory neurons
What is ventilation of alveoli couples with
Perfusion of pulmonary capillaries
Where in the brain stem are respiratory centers located
Dorsal and Ventral medulla (pneumotaxis, Apneustic)
What influences the respiratory centers
Higher brain centers
Peripheral mechanoreceptors
Peripheral + Central chemoreceptors
What are the muscles of Inspiration
Diaphragm External intercostals SCM ant + post sup Serratus Scaleni Levator costarum
What are the muscles of Expiration
Abdominals
Internal intercostals
post Inf serratus
Transverse thoracis
What is the job of muscles of inspiration
Increase thoracic cage volume
What keeps the lung inflated
Pleural pressure
What is pleural pressure
Neg pressure between parietal and visceral pleura
Alveolar pressure is _____ during inspiration
Subatmospheric
Alveolar pressure is _____ during expiration
Supra-atmospheric
What is used to measure the recoil tendency of the lung
Transpulmonary pressure
What is Transpulmonary pressure
Difference between alveolar P and Pleural P
When is Transpulmonary pressure at its highest
at the end of inspiration
What is the relation between Pleural pressure and lung volume at the onset of inspiration
Pleural pressure changes faster than lung volume
What is the measure of the lungs ability to stretch and expand
Compliance of the lung
What effect does the thoracic cage have on lung compliance
Reduces compliance by 1/2 at the end of a normal expiration
When is lung compliance greatly reduced
at high or low lung volumes
What accounts for most of the work done in breathing
Lung compliance
How much energy is required for ventilation
3-5% of total body energy
What is the name given for normal breathing
Eupnea
What is Hyperpnea
increased depth of breathing
What type of breathing is associated with an increase in metabolic demand
Hypernea
What is Hyperventilation
Increased Rate, no change in depth of breathing
What is Hypoventilation
Decrease rate, no change in depth of breathing
What is Tachypnea
Increase Frequency of respiratory rate
What is Apnea
Absense of breathing
What is Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathin
What is Orthopnea
Dyspnea when sitting, relieved when upright
What is Orthopnea an indicator for
Congestive heart failure, Asthma, Lung failure
What keeps lungs against the chest well and prevents it from collapsing
Negative pleural pressure (suction)
What are the forces acting on the lungs that make it want to collapse
Surface tension
Elastic fibers
What happens when the pleural space communicates with the atmosphere
The lungs will collapse
What can cause a lung to collapse
Puncture wound
Erosion of VIsceral pleura
Blocked airway = blood takes away all the trapped air
What provides lubrication between lung and pleura
Pleural fluid
What type of fluid is pleural fluid
Transudate
If there is excess pleural fluid, How is it removed
It is removed through lymphatics
What is pleural effusion
Collection of fluid in the pleural space (edema of pleural cavity
What causes pleural effusion
Blocked lymph drainage
Cardiac failure
Reduced Colloid pressure
Infection/inflammation
What is the job of surfactant
Reduce surface tension forces by forming a layer between fluid on alveoli and air
What produces Surfactant
Type II alveolar epithelial cells
