Unit 3 prt3 Flashcards
What are the three main topics in “Personality Dispositions Over Time”?
Personality Stability, Personality Change, and Personality Coherence.
What is temperament in personality psychology?
Individual differences in emotionality and arousability that appear early in life and have a heritable basis.
What are four key findings on temperament stability during infancy?
- Stable individual differences emerge early.
- Moderate stability over the first year.
- Stability is higher over short intervals than long ones.
- Stability increases as infants mature.
How does aggression in childhood relate to personality stability?
Individual differences in aggression appear as early as age 3 and tend to remain stable over time.
What is rank order stability in adulthood?
The consistency of individual differences in personality traits relative to others over time.
How does personality stability change with age?
Personality consistency increases with age, with stability coefficients rising from +0.47 in teenage years to +0.75 in the fifties.
What is mean level stability?
The average level of a personality trait remaining the same over time.
Which Big Five traits tend to decrease or increase over time?
- Openness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism tend to decrease.
- Conscientiousness and Agreeableness tend to increase.
Can personality traits be changed through therapy?
Yes. For example, rehabilitation programs have shown decreases in Neuroticism and increases in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
What are some examples of personality change in self-esteem and ambition?
Self-esteem remains relatively stable, while traits like autonomy, dominance, leadership, and ambition may change with age.
What is cohort personality change?
Personality differences across generations due to cultural and societal shifts (e.g., changing gender roles affecting assertiveness levels).
How do cohort changes affect assertiveness in women?
Women’s assertiveness fluctuated across decades due to social norms and increased workforce participation.
What are some personality predictors of marital stability and divorce?
High Neuroticism and low impulse control predict marital dissatisfaction and divorce.
Which personality traits predict alcoholism, drug use, and emotional disturbance?
High Neuroticism, low impulse control, and low Agreeableness/Conscientiousness
What personality traits predict religiousness and spirituality?
Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness during adolescence predict spirituality in adulthood.
How does personality relate to academic success?
Low impulsivity and high Conscientiousness predict better grades and academic achievement.
What personality traits predict health and longevity?
High Agreeableness (low hostility), Conscientiousness, and Extraversion (positive affect) predict longer lifespans, while high Neuroticism is linked to negative health outcomes.
Can we predict personality change over time?
Yes, factors such as relationships and major life events can influence long-term personality changes.
How does choosing a marriage partner influence personality stability or change?
Partner selection can reinforce stability or contribute to gradual personality shifts over time.
