Unit 3 - Principles of Perception Flashcards
Gestalt
Sensations are processed according to consistent perceptual rules that result in meaningful whole perceptions or gestalts.
Grouping
Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.
Proximity
Group nearby figures together.
Continuity
Perceive continuous patterns.
Closure
Fill in the gaps to see a whole.
Motion Perception
Objects traveling towards us grow in size and those moving away shrink in size.
Motion Parallax
A depth cue whereby objects closer to us seem to move at a faster pace than those that are farther away.
Ex. On a freeway, a house would move slower than a car.
Relative Size
The farther an object is away from you the smaller it is.
Interposition
Closet object blocks distant object. If one object is in front of another, you can conclude that the first object is closest to you.
Relative clarity
Hazy objects are seen as more distant.
Texture Gradient
Farther out objects = blended texture
Closer objects = fine texture
Relative Height
We perceive objects that are higher in our field of vision to be farther away.
Linear Perspective
Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance at a vanishing point.
Psychophysics
Relationships between physical stimuli and mental phenomena.
Relative Brightness
Given two identical objects, the dimmer one appears to be farther away, based on light and shadow.
Binocular disparity
Images from the two eyes are different, giving the perception of depth.
Each eye produces a different visual image, but forms them into a whole image.
Ex. Finger sausages!!!
Binocular convergence
Allows us to perceive distance. Eyes move inward and outward.
Close objects = converge
Farther objects = separate
Figure and Ground (Objects and Surroundings)
Objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).
Ex. Two faces vs. vase image.
Phi Phenomenon
Lights flash at a certain speed they tend to present illusions of motion.
Perceptual Constancy/Color Constancy
Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change. Color, shape, size.
Perceptual Adaptation
Ability to adjust to changes in our sensations. Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.
Visual Cliff/Depth Perception
Visual Cliff: Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants.
Depth perception: Suggests the ability to perceive depth is at least partially innate (natural).
Monocular Cues v. Binocular Cues
Monocular: one eye is required to see depth
Binocular: two eyes
