Unit 3 - Principles of Perception

Question 1

Gestalt

Answer 1

Sensations are processed according to consistent perceptual rules that result in meaningful whole perceptions or gestalts.

Question 2

Grouping

Answer 2

Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

Question 3

Proximity

Answer 3

Group nearby figures together.

Question 4

Continuity

Answer 4

Perceive continuous patterns.

Question 5

Closure

Answer 5

Fill in the gaps to see a whole.

Question 6

Motion Perception

Answer 6

Objects traveling towards us grow in size and those moving away shrink in size.

Question 7

Motion Parallax

Answer 7

A depth cue whereby objects closer to us seem to move at a faster pace than those that are farther away.

Ex. On a freeway, a house would move slower than a car.

Question 8

Relative Size

Answer 8

The farther an object is away from you the smaller it is.

Question 9

Interposition

Answer 9

Closet object blocks distant object. If one object is in front of another, you can conclude that the first object is closest to you.

Question 10

Relative clarity

Answer 10

Hazy objects are seen as more distant.

Question 11

Texture Gradient

Answer 11

Farther out objects = blended texture
Closer objects = fine texture

Question 12

Relative Height

Answer 12

We perceive objects that are higher in our field of vision to be farther away.

Question 13

Linear Perspective

Answer 13

Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance at a vanishing point.

Question 14

Psychophysics

Answer 14

Relationships between physical stimuli and mental phenomena.

Question 15

Relative Brightness

Answer 15

Given two identical objects, the dimmer one appears to be farther away, based on light and shadow.

Question 16

Binocular disparity

Answer 16

Images from the two eyes are different, giving the perception of depth.

Each eye produces a different visual image, but forms them into a whole image.

Ex. Finger sausages!!!

Question 17

Binocular convergence

Answer 17

Allows us to perceive distance. Eyes move inward and outward.

Close objects = converge
Farther objects = separate

Question 18

Figure and Ground (Objects and Surroundings)

Answer 18

Objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

Ex. Two faces vs. vase image.

Question 19

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 19

Lights flash at a certain speed they tend to present illusions of motion.

Question 20

Perceptual Constancy/Color Constancy

Answer 20

Perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change. Color, shape, size.

Question 21

Perceptual Adaptation

Answer 21

Ability to adjust to changes in our sensations. Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

Question 22

Visual Cliff/Depth Perception

Answer 22

Visual Cliff: Laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants.

Depth perception: Suggests the ability to perceive depth is at least partially innate (natural).

Question 23

Monocular Cues v. Binocular Cues

Answer 23

Monocular: one eye is required to see depth

Binocular: two eyes