Unit 3 post class assignment questions

Question 1

The taxonomic rank that includes species but not families is:

Answer 1

genus

Question 2

Based specifically on the evolutionary tree presented here, which of the following in combination would not constitute a monophyletic group?

Answer 2

protists, plants, and fungi

Question 3

Which structure most likely represents homology?

Answer 3

a bear’s fur and human hair

Question 4

The dark gray dots along the trunk of this evolutionary tree represent both common ancestors and:

Answer 4

speciation events.

Question 5

An evolutionary tree:

Answer 5

is a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships.

Question 6

According to the biological species concept, species are natural populations of organisms that have the potential to interbreed and that are ____________ isolated from other such populations.

Answer 6

reproductively

Question 7

Equus is a taxon at which level?

Answer 7

genus

Question 8

The more morphological characteristics that two species of animals share, the more likely it is that they:

Answer 8

share a common descent.

Question 9

All birds have feathers because they inherited that trait from a common ancestor. Features that are inherited from a common ancestor are called:

Answer 9

homologous features.

Question 10

Which of the following lists of groupings or taxons is in descending order, from most inclusive to least inclusive? Some lists may be missing some of the intermediate taxons.

Answer 10

kingdom, class, family, genus, species

Question 11

Which is a common characteristic of the arthropod phylum?

Answer 11

chitinous exoskeleton

Question 12

Which short description best describes the body plan of modern sponges?

Answer 12

an aggregation of cells built around a water canal system

Question 13

The group of mollusks that contains the nautilus species as well as squids and octopuses is called:

Answer 13

cephalopods

Question 14

Which feature of echinoderms means that they are more closely related to humans than any other invertebrate group?

Answer 14

They are deuterostomes.

Question 15

Which statement is true about all animals?

Answer 15

All acquire energy by eating other organisms.

Question 16

What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

Answer 16

The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the mouth.

Question 17

The important characteristics of chordates, such as a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord, are found in tunicates in

Answer 17

their larval stage only.

Question 18

Two important features that distinguish mammals from any other type of animal are:

Answer 18

hair and mammary glands.

Question 19

Which groups grow by molting?

Answer 19

roundworms and arthropods

Question 20

In the cnidarians, the sessile _________ stage remains attached to a solid surface, whereas the motile __________ stage is free-swimming.

Answer 20

polyp; medusa

Question 21

Which of these is not a novel trait of angiosperms?

Answer 21

pollen

Question 22

Of the groups mentioned below, the fungi are most closely related to:

Answer 22

animals.

Question 23

Which term includes all of the others in the list?

Answer 23

vascular plant

Question 24

Land plants avoid drying out because of the waxy layer on their stems and leaves called the:

Answer 24

cuticle.

Question 25

Which statement is true about bryophytes (mosses)?

Answer 25

The spongy mass that we think of as “moss” is haploid.

Question 26

Which statement about ferns is not true?

Answer 26

Evolutionarily, ferns are the oldest plants on earth.

Question 27

In double fertilization, one sperm cell fertilizes the egg while another fuses with:

Answer 27

the central cell in the embryo sac.

Question 28

Ovules become seeds, and ovaries become:

Answer 28

fruits

Question 29

The cell wall of fungi is made of:

Answer 29

chitin.

Question 30

Which of the following characteristics do most plants share with land animals?

Answer 30

an embryo that develops within a protected environment

Question 31

Nearly all life depends on energy captured from:

Answer 31

sunlight.

Question 32

ATP is a very effective molecule in terms of carrying and storing energy for a short time. Where, exactly, does the large amount of energy come from?

Answer 32

The energy is found in the phosphate bonds because all three electrical charges of the phosphates repel each other greatly.

Question 33

The inputs of cellular respiration are sugar (and other energy-packed food molecules) and ________; the outputs are _________, water, and energy in the form of ATP.

Answer 33

oxygen; carbon dioxide

Question 34

When fermentation occurs in grapes left on the vine, the final product is the ethanol used to make wine. When fermentation occurs in our muscles, the final product is:

Answer 34

lactic acid.

Question 35

Blood flows into your heart from your body. That blood then leaves your heart and goes where next?

Answer 35

the lungs

Question 36

Which statement best describes the difference between light energy and chemical energy?

Answer 36

Light energy is a type of kinetic energy, and chemical energy is a type of potential energy.

Question 37

When insulin is released by the pancreas:

Answer 37

the cells of your body pull in glucose.

Question 38

Plants, protists, fungi, and animals are all known to obtain energy through cellular respiration using oxygen. Which of the following must be present for this to happen?

Answer 38

mitochondria

Question 39

Why would blood doping increase athletic performance?

Answer 39

Increasing the number of red blood cells allows greater oxygen transportation.