Unit 3 post class assignment questions Flashcards
The taxonomic rank that includes species but not families is:
genus
Based specifically on the evolutionary tree presented here, which of the following in combination would not constitute a monophyletic group?
protists, plants, and fungi
Which structure most likely represents homology?
a bear’s fur and human hair
The dark gray dots along the trunk of this evolutionary tree represent both common ancestors and:
speciation events.
An evolutionary tree:
is a hypothesis about evolutionary relationships.
According to the biological species concept, species are natural populations of organisms that have the potential to interbreed and that are ____________ isolated from other such populations.
reproductively
Equus is a taxon at which level?
genus
The more morphological characteristics that two species of animals share, the more likely it is that they:
share a common descent.
All birds have feathers because they inherited that trait from a common ancestor. Features that are inherited from a common ancestor are called:
homologous features.
Which of the following lists of groupings or taxons is in descending order, from most inclusive to least inclusive? Some lists may be missing some of the intermediate taxons.
kingdom, class, family, genus, species
Which is a common characteristic of the arthropod phylum?
chitinous exoskeleton
Which short description best describes the body plan of modern sponges?
an aggregation of cells built around a water canal system
The group of mollusks that contains the nautilus species as well as squids and octopuses is called:
cephalopods
Which feature of echinoderms means that they are more closely related to humans than any other invertebrate group?
They are deuterostomes.
Which statement is true about all animals?
All acquire energy by eating other organisms.
What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?
The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the mouth.
The important characteristics of chordates, such as a notochord and a dorsal hollow nerve cord, are found in tunicates in
their larval stage only.
Two important features that distinguish mammals from any other type of animal are:
hair and mammary glands.
Which groups grow by molting?
roundworms and arthropods
In the cnidarians, the sessile _________ stage remains attached to a solid surface, whereas the motile __________ stage is free-swimming.
polyp; medusa
Which of these is not a novel trait of angiosperms?
pollen
Of the groups mentioned below, the fungi are most closely related to:
animals.
Which term includes all of the others in the list?
vascular plant
Land plants avoid drying out because of the waxy layer on their stems and leaves called the:
cuticle.
Which statement is true about bryophytes (mosses)?
The spongy mass that we think of as “moss” is haploid.
Which statement about ferns is not true?
Evolutionarily, ferns are the oldest plants on earth.
In double fertilization, one sperm cell fertilizes the egg while another fuses with:
the central cell in the embryo sac.
Ovules become seeds, and ovaries become:
fruits
The cell wall of fungi is made of:
chitin.
Which of the following characteristics do most plants share with land animals?
an embryo that develops within a protected environment
Nearly all life depends on energy captured from:
sunlight.
ATP is a very effective molecule in terms of carrying and storing energy for a short time. Where, exactly, does the large amount of energy come from?
The energy is found in the phosphate bonds because all three electrical charges of the phosphates repel each other greatly.
The inputs of cellular respiration are sugar (and other energy-packed food molecules) and ________; the outputs are _________, water, and energy in the form of ATP.
oxygen; carbon dioxide
When fermentation occurs in grapes left on the vine, the final product is the ethanol used to make wine. When fermentation occurs in our muscles, the final product is:
lactic acid.
Blood flows into your heart from your body. That blood then leaves your heart and goes where next?
the lungs
Which statement best describes the difference between light energy and chemical energy?
Light energy is a type of kinetic energy, and chemical energy is a type of potential energy.
When insulin is released by the pancreas:
the cells of your body pull in glucose.
Plants, protists, fungi, and animals are all known to obtain energy through cellular respiration using oxygen. Which of the following must be present for this to happen?
mitochondria
Why would blood doping increase athletic performance?
Increasing the number of red blood cells allows greater oxygen transportation.
