Unit 3 Political Ideologies

Question 1

political ideology

Answer 1

beliefs/ideas about gov’t, society, economy, human nature

Question 2

enlightenment

Answer 2

intellectual movement in the mid 18th century

power of human reason, understand/improve the world

Question 3

negatives of ideology

Answer 3

ppl refuse to believe in others’ POV

can be simplistic, distorted depictions of reality

Question 4

left vs right

Answer 4

left: pursuit of greater social/economic equality
right: inequality as a natural feature of society

Question 5

Liberalism

Answer 5

high level individual freedom (inherent goodness)

responsibility of own lives, little gov’t interference

Question 6

rule of law

Answer 6

people should be subject to predictable, known laws instead of orders from a particular individual

both ruler and ruled subject to law

Question 7

liberal democracy

Answer 7

combines:

1. liberal ideas of limited gov’t, individual freendom
2. rule of law (election of representatives)

Question 8

Classical liberalism

Answer 8

limited gov’t, only there to protect rights of ppl

free market economy, laissez faire

Question 9

laissez faire

Answer 9

workers, consumers, private businesses freely interact w/o gov’t interference

Question 10

Reform Liberalism

Answer 10

support for individual freedom, gov’t should be needed to remove obstacles to individual development

old age pension, unemployment insurance, subsidized education

EQUALITY

Question 11

Neo-Liberalism

Answer 11

free market, no gov’t intervention in economy

values competition, entrepreneurship, individual responsibility

privatizing gov’t services; if you want it, pay for it

Question 12

Conservatism

Answer 12

order and stability, respect for authority, tradition

humans inherently imperfect, need strong gov’t

people naturally unequal

Question 13

The New Right

Answer 13

new version of Conservatism

promotion of free market capitalism, limited gov’t, traditional cultural and moral values

Question 14

Socialism

Answer 14

humans are social in nature

capitalist system undermines co-operative and community-oriented nature of humanity

collective ownership of production, but gov’t plays important role in regulating the economy

Question 15

historical materialism

Answer 15

historical development and dynamics of society can be understood in terms of the way society is organized to produce material goods

Question 16

communism

Answer 16

collective ownership, everyone is free to take from society what they need

society devoted to humans needs, not private profit

Question 17

democratic socialism

Answer 17

socialism achieved by democratic means, not revolutionary means

political rights and freedoms should be respected

public ownership of some key industries

Question 18

anarchism

Answer 18

state is the key source of oppression

replace state with system of voluntary co-operation

Question 19

fascism

Answer 19

aggressive nationalism, naturalness of inequality

opposes liberal democracy, communism

Question 20

nazism

Answer 20

aggressive nationalism and ethnic superiority

promoted racism

Question 21

corporate state

Answer 21

an idea in Benito Mussolini’s fascist state

business and labour work together to achieve goals established by state

involved suppressing labour movement

Question 22

neo-fascist

Answer 22

revival of fascism in contemporary times