Unit 3- Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards
Describe solid particle model
Fixed, regular arrangement, not much energy only vibrate, high density
Describe liquid particle model
close together, can move past each other, irregular arrangements, more energy than in solids, move in random directions at low speeds, less dense than solid
Describe gas particle model
Free to move, random directions, high speeds, low density, more energy
Density equation
Mass/ volume
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Liquid to gas
Evaporation
What is specific latent heat
Energy needed to change the state of a substance
Specific latent heat equation
Energy = mass x specific latent heat
What can a change in pressure cause
Change in volume
What is density a measure of
Compactness
Unit of specific latent heat
J/kg
Unit of density
Kg/m3
How do you find a density of a liquid
1) place measuring cylinder on balance
2) pour 10ml of liquid into cylinder and record liquids mass
3) pour 10ml liquid into measuring cylinder and record total volume and mass
4)repeat process until measuring cylinder is full
5) for each measurement use formula to find density
6) take an average of your calculated denisitys
What is internal energy
the total amount of kinetic energy and potential energy
What happens to particles when they are heated
the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster
True or false? Mass stay the same when a substance changes state
True
Explain how a gas in a sealed container exerts a pressure on the walls of the container
because of the force exerted by the gas particles on the walls of the container
What increases when work is done on an object
Temperature ( increases its internal energy)
Name 5 energy stores
Thermal, gravitational potential , kinetic, elastic potential, chemical
What is a system
A single object or a group of objects
Explain how a temperature increase would affect the pressure exerted by a the gas
It would increase the pressure in the tube
Because higher temp would cause higher kinetic energy of particles
The internal energy of the air increases as the tyre is inflated. Explain why
Work is done on air in the tyre
So temp increases
Disadvantages of wind turbines
Not enough in the uk
Has to be fairly windy
How does oiling affect efficiency of the wind turbine
- increase efficiency
- amount of energy produced would increase
- because less friction
Why should people be encouraged to use energy efficient electrical devices
Minimise electricity demand
More efficient devices would waste less energy
Why should you calculate a mean
Anomalies can be removed
What is the resolution for 87.4
0.1
Why was the total power output greater than 735w when performing an exercise
-Some energy is wasted in her muscles
-some energy transferred to thermal surroundings
As the plane move upwards there is a decrease in what energy store
Kinetic
During nuclear fusion what happens to the mass of the particles
Decreases
Environmental impact of generating electricity using fossil fuels
Releases carbon dioxide which causes global warming
Explain why solar panels cannot generate all electricity of the Uk
-Really large area of land would need to be covered with solar cells
-Due to low use power output of solar cells
Advantage of transmitting electricity at high potential difference
High p.d so low current
So less thermal energy to surrounding
So increased efficiency
Why could a person receive a fatal sock if kite touched the power cable
Electric field is high
Causing the air to become ionising
The kite conducts charge to the person
What is a biofuel
Fuel that is made from recently living organisms
Advantages of biolfuels
Cheap to make, easy to transport,
Disadvantages of biofuels
Release loads of co 2, need somewhere to grow all these plants
Why can evaporation cool things down
When a hotter particle near the surface of the liquid ‘breaks free’ from it’s liquid bonds, it escapes as a gas, carrying away energy from the rest of the liquid. The average energy of the liquid therefore decreases - in other words, the liquid cools down.
one kilogram of a gas has a much ,larger volume than one kilogram of solid why
This is because there is empty space between the particles in a gas, whereas in a solid, they are tightly packed together. Since we divide by volume, this must mean that the density of the gas is much smaller than the density of the solid
What is kinetic theory
can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases by considering the molecules they are made from and their motion
