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Physics > Unit 2- Electricity > Flashcards

Unit 2- Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for charge

A

Current x time

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2
Q

The greater resistance across a component….

A

The smaller the current that flows through it

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3
Q

What is potential difference

A

A potential difference of 1 volt tells us that 1 joule of energy is transferred for each coulomb of charge that is moving through the circuit

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4
Q

What is resistance

A

Anything in the circuit which slows the flow down

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5
Q

How is current split through a circuit in series

A

Current is the same everywhere

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6
Q

Potential difference equation

A

Current x resistance

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7
Q

How is ohmic conductor represented on a graph

A

Constant gradient (temp)

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8
Q

What does a filament lamp look like on a graph

A

Curved line, as temp increases so does resistance

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9
Q

What does diode look like on graph

A

Flat line across then a curve upwards, diode has very high resistance

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10
Q

What is a LDR (light dependant resistor)

A

Resistor that is dependant on intensity of light, in darkness the resistance is highest

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11
Q

What is a thermistor resistor

A

Temp dependant resistor, in hot condition resistance drops so much less energy needed for current to pass through thermistor. In cool conditions the resistance increases

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12
Q

Are voltmeters connected in parallel or series

A

Parallel

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13
Q

How is potential difference split up in series

A

Is shared between components, so potential difference will always add up to the source potential difference

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14
Q

How is current split up in parallel

A

Shared between branches , it will add up to total current leaving the cell

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15
Q

How is potential difference split up in parallel

A

Same across all components

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16
Q

What is frequency of mains supply

A

50 Hz

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17
Q

What type of current is mains supply

A

Alternating current

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18
Q

What type of current is battery supply

A

Direct current

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19
Q

What colour is the neutral wire and what does it do

A

Blue , completes the circuit (0v)

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20
Q

What colour is the live wire and what does it do.

A

Brown, provides alternating potential difference (230v) from mains supply, connected to the fuse

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21
Q

What is the potential difference of mains supply

A

230 v

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22
Q

What colour is earth wire and what does it do

A

Green and yellow, protecting the wiring and for safety (0v)

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23
Q

What wire will give you an electric shock

A

Live wire

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24
Q

Power equation

A

Potential difference x current

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25
Q

What changes the potential difference in the national grid

A

Transformer (step up) (step down)

26
Q

What is an ohmic conductor

A

Resistor at a constant temp

27
Q

What does the diode symbol look like

A

Play symbol

28
Q

What does an LED symbol look like

A

Play symbol with arrows coming off it

29
Q

What does electric charges cause

A

An electric field, the closer to the object you get, the stronger the field is

30
Q

What is direct potential difference

A

Potential difference in one direction

31
Q

What happens to potential difference across an LDR and current in an LDR

A

P.d= increases
Current= decreases

32
Q

Disadvantages of generating electricity using nuclear power stations

A

Non renewable
Produce radioactive waste

33
Q

Advantages of nuclear energy

A

Carbon free electricity, reliable energy source, high power output

34
Q

Name one fuel used in nuclear power stations?

A

Uranium

35
Q

How would carbon capture prevent build up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

Carbon dioxide would not be released and instead would be caught and stored in huge containers

36
Q

Why will the driver become charged when driving

A

Clothes and seat will rub together and electrons will transfer from driver to seat

37
Q

How does an object become charged

A

Insulating materials rub against each other, electrons will transfer on to the other object

38
Q

What affects charge

A

Temperature, humidity

39
Q

Why don’t insulators conduct electricity

A

Electrons cannot move through them

40
Q

What can a build up of electrostatic charge cause

A

A speak which could trigger an explosion

41
Q

What does the national grid consist of

A

Transformers and high voltage cables

42
Q

What is the disadvantage of the power cables in the national grid

A

Energy is always lost in the cables due to the resistance of the wires

43
Q

How can we reduce energy lost in the national grid

A

-building power stations closer to our homes

44
Q

Why does the step up transformers increase the potential difference

A

Because then less energy is lost in the power cables when the potential difference is high

45
Q

What does alternating current mean

A

The flow of electrons move in the forward and the reverse direction

46
Q

What are wires in a plug made out of and why

A

Copper which is a good conductor of electricity

47
Q

What is the potential difference of the earth

A

0 volts

48
Q

If the case becomes live what will happen

A

A huge amount of current will flow to the earth, the fuse will then melt and shut off the current, this prevents anyone from getting an electric shock from the case

49
Q

What is direct current

A

The current from a cell is only moving in one direction

50
Q

Benefit of alternating current

A

Very easy to use a transformer to increase or decrease the potential difference

51
Q

Which direction does current flow

A

From the negative end of the cell to the positive end

52
Q

Which way do scientists draw the current and what do they call this

A

Draw it in the opposite direction (positive to negative) this is called conventional current

53
Q

What is charge

A

The size of the electrical current is the rate of the flow of electrical charge

54
Q

What is the x axis in a ohmic graph / diode/ filament / LED

A

Potential difference

55
Q

What is the y axis on a ohmic / LED / diode / filament graph

A

Current

56
Q

In an ohmic conductor graph what is one condition that would result in the graph being directly proportional

A

If the temperature is constant

57
Q

Negative of a filament lamp

A

Not very efficient

58
Q

What does filament mean

A

(Contains) a very thin wire

59
Q

Key feature of a diode

A

Current flows in only one direction, the diode has very high resistance in the other direction

60
Q

Why is there a flat line on the graph for a diode

A

Because there is no current in the reverse direction

61
Q

Uses for diodes in a circuit

A

Useful for controlling the flow of current in circuits

62
Q

Where can you find LEDs in real life

A

Flash on phone, led lightbulbs, led televisions

Physics (6 decks)

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