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AP Comparative Government > Unit 3, Part B: Legislative & Judiciary > Flashcards

Unit 3, Part B: Legislative & Judiciary Flashcards

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1
Q

Single-Member Districts

A

Person being voted for represents specific group of ppl or region

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2
Q

What are the advantages of “Single-Member Districts”?

A
  • runs w/in a district (non-nationwide)
  • vote for a person
  • winner takes all
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3
Q

Proportional Representation

A

of ppl in seats are based on # of votes in election (in Legislation)

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4
Q

What are the advantages of a “Proportional Representation”?

A
  • vote for a party
  • give minor parties more of a chance
  • leads to a multi-party system
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5
Q

Does England have a strong Legislation?

A

Yes

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6
Q

How is English Legislation setup?

A

Bicameral

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7
Q

What groups are in the English Bicameral Legislation?

A

1) House of Commons

2) House of Lords

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8
Q

1213 (England)

A

Magna Carta

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9
Q

What did the Magna Carta do?

A

Established Legislature

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10
Q

What powers did the nobles get from the Magna Carta?

A

1) Monarch must get consent from the nobles to change tax

2) ability to give advice to monarch

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11
Q

What did Henry III want to do to the Magna Carta?

A

Annul it

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12
Q

What did the nobles do as a result of Henry III wanting to annul the Magna Carta?

A

They fought against and captured Henry III

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13
Q

What was the leader of noble’s stand point after they captured Henry III? (England)

A

He pushed too far, the members were comfortable

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14
Q

What did the noble leader do as a result of pushing too far? (England)

A

He showed the will of the ppl by inviting knights and the ppl to Parliament

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15
Q

How is Parliamentary power divided when carrying out the powers listed in the Magna Carta? (England)

A
  • Tax increase: knights, ppl, nobles

- Advice: Nobles

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16
Q

14th century (England)

A

England needed $

- lords agreed, ppl didn’t –> gave ppl more power

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17
Q

Mid-14th century (England)

A

Ppl started to separate from lords

- created HOC and HOL

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18
Q

How did the HOC take more power from the HOL?

A

Reform 1, 2, and 3

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19
Q

Does England have a formal Constitution?

A

No

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20
Q

What does England have instead of a formal Constitution?

A
  • Magna Carta

- English BOR, etc….

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21
Q

How many members does the HOC have? (England)

A

650

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22
Q

How many members does the HOL have?

A

788

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23
Q

What power did the HOL have that was stripped? (England)

A

Law Lords, stripped in 2005

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24
Q

How is the HOL divided?

A

1) The Lords Spiritual

2) The Lords Temporal (Secular)

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25
Q

The Lords Spiritual (England)

A

26 senior bishops in the COE

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26
Q

How is “The Lords Temporal (Secular)” divided? (England)

A

1) Hereditary peers

2) Life peers

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27
Q

How long have life peers existed? (England)

A

Since 1999

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28
Q

How many hereditary peers are there? (England)

A

90

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29
Q

How many life peers are there? (England)

A

650

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30
Q

What are the powers of the HOC? (England)

A
  • appoints PM
  • Constitute Cabinet
  • Initiate legislation
  • 51% vote to pass law
  • Can accept/decline amendments
  • Veto power
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31
Q

What are the powers of the HOL? (England)

A
  • Can only delay legislation for 1 year
  • Can disagree with legislation
  • Can make amendments
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32
Q

In Northern Ireland what party is the most popular? (England)

A

Cinfon

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33
Q

1921 (England)

A

Northern Ireland granted independence

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34
Q

What did England do as a result of 1921?

A

English northerners moved land estates to Northern Ireland

- hard to respect rights of Protestants –> excluded Northern Ireland

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35
Q

2nd half of 20th century (England)

A

Ireland wanted independence

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36
Q

What were the 2 Irish parties? (England)

A

1) Irish Republican Party

2) Cinfon

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37
Q

Differentiate the 2 Irish parties (England)

A

1) IRP- terrorist, military

2) Cinfon- political

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38
Q

Plaid Cymru (England)

A

Similar to SNP

- more independence and power for Wales

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39
Q

How many seats does Plaid Cymru have? (England)

A

Not many seats

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40
Q

How is Russia’s legislation setup?

A

Bicameral

1) Duma
2) ?????

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41
Q

Early 20th century (Russia)

A

Duma was created

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42
Q

1905 (Russia)

A

Revolution

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43
Q

When did the Duma start to fade? (Russia)

A

Soviet Era

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44
Q

Who was in charge after the end of the Soviet Era? (Russia)

A

Russia Republic

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45
Q

How many members are in the Duma? (Russia)

A

450

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46
Q

What are the 2 methods used to chose the Duma? (Russia)

A

1) 1st Past the Post Voting

2) Proportional Representation

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47
Q

1st Past the Post Voting (Russia)

A

How many votes doesn’t matter, you need plurality not majority

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48
Q

Proportional Representation (Russia)

A

Must obtain at least 5% of vote

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49
Q

Hare quota system (Russia)

A

To determine # of seats in Duma

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50
Q

What system was used to determine the Duma 2007-2011? (Russia)

A

All Proportional Representation

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51
Q

What system was used to determine the Duma 1993-2003? (Russia)

A

All Proportional Representation

52
Q

How old do you need to be to run for Duma? (Russia)

A

At least 21

53
Q

What are the duties of the Duma? (Russia)

A
  • pass bills
  • debate budgets
  • confirm Presidential appointments
  • bring charges against Russian President
  • issue decrees
  • starts legislation
54
Q

In order for the Duma to start legislation what needs to happen before this? (Russia)

A

Approved by Federation Council

55
Q

2011 (Russia)

A

Duma lost 77 seats

56
Q

2007 (Russia)

A

Duma gained 92 seats

57
Q

2003 (Russia)

A

United Russia had majority of seats

58
Q

What were the UR’s goal? (Russia)

A

“Make Russia Great Again”

59
Q

How were the UR gonna achieve their goal? (Russia)

A

Absolutism

60
Q

What happened after the fall of the SU? (Russia)

A

Major political parties were able to form outside of the SU

61
Q

1995 (Russia)

A

Duma elections, 43 parties running candidates

- most small

62
Q

Why didn’t the small parties have power? (Russia)

A

Narrow focus –> no staying power

63
Q

1999 (Russia)

A

26 parties running

- CP had majority seats

64
Q

Who had the majority in 1999? (Russia)

A

Communist Party

65
Q

2000 (Russia)

A

Putin became President

- Russian political elites = UR

66
Q

Who was the leader of the UR? (Russia)

A

Boris

67
Q

Who was the UR’s rival?

A

CP of the RF

68
Q

What did the UR believe in/ fight for? (Russia)

A
  • Central planning
  • Nationalization of industry to some degree
  • Russian Nationalism
69
Q

What system was used to vote for the Duma? (Russia)

A

Parallel voting

70
Q

Parallel Voting (Russia)

A

2 types of voting, same chambers, same day

71
Q

2001/2003 (Russia)

A

UR has been in control

72
Q

Who is the leader of the UR party? (Russia)

A

Dmitri Medvedev

73
Q

Who took control after the SU?

A

CPRF

74
Q

The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

A

Formed around around a person

- aren’t liberal or democratic; Fascist/authoritarian

75
Q

Who was the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia?

A

Vladimir Zhinovsky

76
Q

Just Russia

A

Collection of small left liberal parties

- try to appeal to liberal voters but support Vladimir in governance

77
Q

Who is the leader of Just Russia?

A

Sergay Mironov

78
Q

Who does the Federation Council? (Russia)

A

Each region

79
Q

How many members are in the Federation Council? (Russia)

A

170

80
Q

How are the Federation Council members chosen?

A
  • 1 is elected by local assembly

- the other is nominated by local governor & approved by the local assembly

81
Q

How many people are represented from each region in the Federation Council? (Russia)

A

2

82
Q

Who took control after the SU?

A

CPRF

83
Q

The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia

A

Formed around around a person

- aren’t liberal or democratic; Fascist/authoritarian

84
Q

Who was the leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia?

A

Vladimir Zhinovsky

85
Q

Just Russia

A

Collection of small left liberal parties

- try to appeal to liberal voters but support Vladimir in governance

86
Q

Who is the leader of Just Russia?

A

Sergay Mironov

87
Q

Who does the Federation Council? (Russia)

A

Each region

88
Q

How many members are in the Federation Council? (Russia)

A

170

89
Q

How are the Federation Council members chosen?

A
  • 1 is elected by local assembly

- the other is nominated by local governor & approved by the local assembly

90
Q

How many people are represented from each region in the Federation Council? (Russia)

A

2

91
Q

Before 2003/2004 (Russia)

A

Local governors in Federation Council

- no state/fed positions at the same time

92
Q

Does the Federation Council have a fixed length term? (Russia)

A

No

93
Q

What are the requirements for the Federation Council? (Russia)

A
  • live region they represent for at least 10 years

- every member is independent

94
Q

What are the duties of the Federation Council? (Russia)

A
  • agree/ veto leg.
  • you vote on approving presidential decree
  • handles impeachment of the President
  • confirm the President’s nomination in judges to the highest court in Russia
95
Q

What is the Federation Council similar to? (Russia)

A

HOL in England

96
Q

What is the setup of China’s legislation?

A

Unicameral

97
Q

How was China’s legislation created?

A

Result of 1949 revolution

98
Q

1980s, NPC (China)

A

The NPC started to take more power

99
Q

How often does the NPC meet? (China)

A

10-14 days a year

100
Q

How many ppl are the NPC? (China)

A

2,980

101
Q

What is the NPC’s role? (China)

A

Vote on things executive branch wants done

102
Q

What are most of the members of the NPC? (China)

A

Members of the CP

103
Q

What are the remaining members of the NPC? (China)

A

United Front Democratic Party

104
Q

How many ppl are in the United Front Democratic Party? (China)

A

861

105
Q

What are the United Front Democratic Party? (China)

A
  • more interest groups than PP

- give citizens a voice (on single issues)

106
Q

How many years do members of the NPC serve? (China)

A

5 years

107
Q

Describe the elections of the NPC? (China)

A
  • multi round voting (indirect)

- can only pick from a certain group of ppl

108
Q

What are the duties of the NPC? (China)

A
  • amend Constitution
  • change/ enact laws
  • fill Cabinet positions
  • determine major state issues
109
Q

What is the NPC Standing Committee? (China)

A

Carries out NPC’s duties that they can’t fulfill throughout the year

110
Q

How many ppl are in the NPC Standing Committee? (China)

A

150

111
Q

What are the NPC Standing Committee duties? (China)

A
  • pass laws
  • confirm appointments
  • most interpretation of Constitution (most power)
112
Q

What is the State Council? (China)

A

Apart of the Executive branch

- carry out all actions passed by the NPC

113
Q

How many members does the State Council? (China)

A

35

- all members also in Cabinet

114
Q

Who is the State Council led by? (China)

A

The PM

115
Q

Who is the State Council controlled by? (China)

A

The President

116
Q

1980s, The State Council (China)

A

Tried to remove CP influence but failed

117
Q

What is the Central Committee of the CP? (China)

A

CPC leadership vested in

118
Q

How many members does the Central Committee of the CP have? (China)

A

376

119
Q

How often does the Central Committee of the CP meet? (China)

A

Once a year

120
Q

What is the Politburo? (China)

A

Group that directs the activities of the CP

- handles normal functions

121
Q

How many members are in the Politburo? (China)

A

25

  • all come from Central Committee
  • highest ranking members
122
Q

How often does the Politburo meet? (China)

A

Once a month

123
Q

What is the Politburo Standing Committee? (China)

A

Ultimate power over the Politburo

124
Q

How many members does the Politburo Standing Committee have? (China)

A

5-9

- includes President, PM, etc.

125
Q

How often does the Politburo Standing Committee meet? (China)

A

Once a week

AP Comparative Government (2 decks)

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