Unit 3, Part A: Executive & Bureaucracy Flashcards
Bureaucracy
Helps executives carry out laws
In England who are the individuals who are in charge of the bureaucracy also apart of?
Parliament
What other positions does the British Prime Minister hold?
- Minister of Justice
- position in HOC
What do the career bureaucrats think of the British Prime Minister?
They think the PM doesn’t know what they’re doing
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
What is an NGO?
a group that provides services outside of the gov’t; an org. that wants to do something overseas
Why aren’t NGOs popular in authoritarian regimes?
The government loses power
QUANGO
Quasi Autonomous Non-Governmental Organization
What is a QUANGO?
An organization that provides direct services to the British people, but aren’t apart of the government
Who has more power a QUANGO or the government?
QUANGO
Do people in British leadership positions have legitimacy?
No
Why don’t people in British leadership positions have legitimacy?
The people don’t think they know what they’re doing
How did people in British leadership positions get their jobs?
Political connection
Who has the top-level positions in British Bureaucracy?
Whichever party has the majority in the HOC
Which party is in control of the British Bureaucracy now?
Conservative
What happens to the minority party not in power in British Bureaucracy?
Loyal opposition
What did the Labour Party do as a result of being the minority in British Bureaucracy?
Created their own cabinet and positions by creating the Shadow Cabinet
What does the Shadow Cabinet do?
Monitors, questions, and exposes the Cabinet
In Russia what is the CPSU?
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union
What does the CPSU act as?
The connection between the political party and government jobs
Nomenklatura
Highly structured, grooming into a career process
What happened when there was no CPSU?
Multiple parties emerged
What happened to government positions after there was no CPSU?
Government positions were handed out by who has the power (Oligarchs)
Who has more power the Deputy PM or the Minister?
Minister
Who chooses the Deputy PM and the Minister?
The President
Who approves the Deputy PM and the Minister?
The Duma
Who is the PM to the Deputy PM and the Minister?
Recommended and works for the PM
Cadre
A civil servant who holds a position in gov’t and a political (revolutionary) party
What is the relationship between the CP and the CS (in China)?
They intertwine
What was 1949-Mid 1970s?
The Era of Mao
What happened during the Era of Mao?
- full on Communism
- 0% unemployment
- bureaucracy growing/ economy shrinking
Why was the unemployment rate 0% (in China)?
People worked for the government (bureaucracy)
What happened when the Chinese bureaucracy was rapidly changing?
The gov’t expenditures goes up
Mid 1970s (China)
Mao dies
August 1980 (China)
Deng announces plan of democratic reform
- shrink bureaucracy (top heavy)
1982 (China)
Reform began at National Level
Mid 1980s (China)
Revolutionary leaders were kicked out
- technocrats left had Deng’s reform vision
What happened as a result of the technocrats left having the reform vision? (China)
The economy started to expand faster than the bureaucracy
1990s (China)
Rapid growth (still today)
In Iran what were bureaucrats also?
Technocrats
First half of 20th century (Iran)
Bureaucracy weak
1924, after Phalabi Dynasty (Iran)
Bureaucracy is stronger
- more professional
1950s/60s (Iran)
The White Revolution
What happened during the White Revolution?
Secularization
- result: professionally trained bureaucracy
1970s (Iran)
Shah’s and the people’s relationship deteriorates
1979 (Iran)
Bureaucracy had legitimacy (efficient)
- Shah was in other policies (removing Sharia)
- First Ayatollah: Ruhollah Khomeini
- New Constitution based on Islam
1980-1988 (Iran)
Iran/Iraq War
- rid of discontent (crackdown)
1974 (Iran)
Bureaucracy is a threat (executed, exiled)
What happened as a result of 1974 (Iran)?
Government didn’t know what to do
- jobs based on connection
- bureaucracy grows marginally
1990s (Iran)
Gov’t realized bureaucracy was a problem
- bring back technocrats (subservient positions)
- corruption in bureaucracy
What happened as a result of corruption in the Iranian bureaucracy in the 1990s?
Cut down size to make manageable
What has been happening over the last 20 years in Iran?
The had to sell state-owned countries to finance things (still broke)
Patrino Cliento System
Help somebody with their campaign to join group/party
Who was in control of Mexico in the 1800s?
Warlords
What was the local warlords jobs? (Mexico)
Provide benefits to the ppl
- in control of 10Ks of ppl
Camarilla
Offices that originally run by the warlords that gave benefits to the ppl
What happened in the early 20th century (Mexico)?
Mexican Revolution
What happened as a result of the Camarilla modernizing (Mexico)?
PRI would award benefits & gov’t jobs for ppl who support party
Parastatal (Mexico)
State-owned enterprise
- another name for gov. corp. business that are gov’t owned
- Gov’t makes $
When was PEMEX created?
1938
Who was in power during the creation of PEMEX?
Lazaro
What did Lazaro do to oil during his presidency? (Mexico)
Nationalized oil
How is PEMEX doing today? (Mexico)
Most of revenue goes to gov’t and makes most of the gov’t revenue
- less competitiveness = further behind in oil industry
Pre-bendalism (Nigeria)
When your group or clan takes control you can give out gov’t jobs
Patrimonialism (Nigeria)
The dictator (TD: President)
What happened in 2006? (Nigeria)
31/36 state governors were accused of corruption
