Unit 3 (part 1)

Question 1

Darwin’s finches (13 species that arose from one ancestral species) are a good example of this biological principle

Answer 1

adaptive radiation

Question 2

Members of the same species are prevented from interbreeding because they live on opposite sides of a mountain range

Answer 2

geographical isolation

Question 3

Because its environment changed, the early horse (Eohippus) was replaced by the modern one-toed horse due to an accumulation of adaptive changes over many generations

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

Two dissimilar species become similar due to living in similar environmental conditions, such as a dolphin and a shark

Answer 4

convergent evolution

Question 5

Introduced species can often be described as __, outcompeting __ species in a given region.

Answer 5

generalists; native

Question 6

Which is most significant in determining the diversity of an ecosystem?

Answer 6

number of species present

Question 7

Native to only one area

Answer 7

endemic

Question 8

Transplanted from one ecosystem to another, may be detrimental

Answer 8

exotic / invasive

Question 9

Their loss would have a disproportionately large effect on the ecosystem

Answer 9

keystone

Question 10

A species that creates or enhances their habitat to the benefit of other species

Answer 10

foundation

Question 11

Provides early warning of damage to an ecosystem

Answer 11

indicator

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a population?

Answer 12

all of the members of one species living in an area

Question 13

A specialist faces ____ competition for resources and has ____ ability to adapt to environmental changes. A generalist faces ___ competition for resources and has ____ ability to adapt to environmental changes.

Answer 13

less, less, greater, greater

Question 14

Which of the following statements about mutations is incorrect?

Answer 14

All mutations are harmful.

Question 15

When humans control the reproduction of organisms over many generations to produce desired traits

Answer 15

artificial selection

Question 16

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Answer 16

Interspecific competition is competition between two members of the same species.

Question 17

The concept that two species cannot occupy the same ecological niche is called

Answer 17

competitive exclusion

Question 18

The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that

Answer 18

primary succession occurs on barren, rocky areas and secondary does not

Question 19

The biggest threat to species diversity is…

Answer 19

loss of habitat

Question 20

Which of the following would be considered a niche specialist?

Answer 20

panda

Question 21

Which of the following are measurements used to measure diversity within an ecosystem?

Answer 21

species richness and evenness

Question 22

Rate of new species immigrating to an isolated habitat should balance the rate of species extinction in that habitat

Answer 22

species equilibrium model

Question 23

Proposed the theory of island biogeography

Answer 23

E.O. Wilson

Question 24

If similar species each occupy a smaller niche when they live together than they would if they lived alone, they are said to be

Answer 24

partitioning resources

Question 25

This measure of diversity is a count of the number of different species present.

Answer 25

species richness

Question 26

Which of the following combination of processes can change global species diversity?

Answer 26

speciation and extinction

Question 27

Two species that have a high degree of niche overlap will

Answer 27

compete intensely

Question 28

A trophic cascade is the effect of ___ on ___.

Answer 28

top carnivores; the abundance of primary consumers

Question 29

Which type of species would be most vulnerable to environmental changes?

Answer 29

Niche specialists

Question 30

After a severe drought, ecosystem X took 2 years to recover, but ecosystem Y took 10 years to recover. From this information, one may assume that ecosystem Y…

Answer 30

has a low resilience

Question 31

Happy thoughts and feelings are provided by these eco-services. Many national/state/local parks are used for tourism, recreation, or aesthetic beauty.

Answer 31

Cultural

Question 32

These services are necessary for other services to function. Photosynthesis allows plants to grow and therefore provide habitats and food. The biogeochemical cycles move the elements and molecules in order to support the existence of the ecosystem.

Answer 32

Supporting

Question 33

Many of these services can be traded in markets or used in households. Services include food, water, shelter, medicine, energy, and timber (used for lumber).

Answer 33

Provisioning