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APES😉 > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Derived From human activities

A

Anthropogenic

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2
Q

Resources that exist in fixed quantities

A

Nonrenewable

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3
Q

A ____ is an area/property that is owned by no one but available to everyone free of charge. Examples might include air, fish, oceans, Antarctica.

A

Commons

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4
Q

The amount of productive land and water needed to supply a person with resources to live & the community’s ability to absorb/recycle waste & pollution is called

A

Ecological Footprint

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5
Q

What will occur if the demand for a product increases but the supply of that product remains the same?

A

the price will increase

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6
Q

The ability of a specified system to survive and function over a long time, still available to future generations, is called

A

sustainability

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7
Q

A prediction that can be tested through experimentation

A

Hypothesis

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8
Q

Which data would be considered quantitative data describing a fish?

A

22 cm long

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9
Q

The variable in an experiment that is intentionally manipulated by the scientist / the difference between the experimental group and control group

A

Independent

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10
Q

The expansion of urbanized areas into the suburbs or rural areas

A

urban sprawl

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11
Q

The tendency of a shared resource to become depleted because people act from self-interest

A

tragedy of the commons

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12
Q

knowledge, belief, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people

A

Culture

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13
Q

the study of good and bad/ right and wrong (moral principles or values by person or society)

A

Ethics

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14
Q

a social system that converts resources into goods and services

A

Economy

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15
Q

the use of resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability of resources

A

Sustainable development

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16
Q

All live has intrinsic value

A

biocentrism

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17
Q

Only human life has intrinsic value

A

anthropocentrism

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18
Q

Living and nonliving things in a system have intrinsic value

A

ecocentrism

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19
Q

Social movement and field of study that works toward equal enforcement of environmental laws and the elimination of disparities

A

Environmental Justice

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20
Q

measure of the number of different forms of life in an ecosystem or in the whole biosphere

A

biodiversity

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21
Q

Allows the use of resources without depriving future generations of those resources

A

sustainability

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22
Q

Widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on Earth

A

mass extinction

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23
Q

A cost that is not directly associated with manufacturers, buyers, or sellers

A

externality

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24
Q

Wrote Silent Spring, brought public attention to DDT and other pesticides

A

Rachel Carson

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25
Q

Coined the phrase “Tragedy of the Commons”
Felt that commons must be privatized or managed by legislation.

A

Garrett Hardin

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26
Q

Wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population”. Discusses distress of resources as population increases

A

Thomas Malthus

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27
Q

Proposed that caring for a commons could be done successfully, organized from the ground-up and shaped by cultural norms

A

Elinor Ostrom

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28
Q

Wildlife manager, author, and philosopher who wrote A Sand County Almanac and Land Ethic. Advocated a strong relationship between humans and the environment.

A

Aldo Leopold

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29
Q

Environmentalist, transcendentalist, author of Walden, left civilization to live on Walden Pond

A

Henry David Thoreau

30
Q

Father of the national parks, founder of Sierra Club

A

John Muir

31
Q

The people of Easter Island who carved enormous stone statues

A

Rapa Nui

32
Q

River fire that influenced the creation of the EPA and the Clean Water Act

A

Cuyahoga

33
Q

Industrial accident / gas leak that killed thousands, and injured hundreds of thousands of people in India

A

Bhopal

34
Q

1986 nuclear power plant disaster

A

Chernobyl

35
Q

1st National Park

A

Yellowstone

36
Q

considered by the Department of Energy (DOE) as a “permanent disposal” site for the United States’ highly radioactive nuclear waste

A

Yucca Mountain

37
Q

1st National Wildlife Refuge

A

Pelican Island

38
Q

This law reduces air pollution nationwide, regulates 6 criteria air pollutants

A

Clean Air Act

39
Q

This law regulates discharge of pollutants into bodies of water in the U.S. and sets wastewater standards for industries.

A

Clean Water Act

40
Q

This law sets standards for water quality, specifically addressing groundwater.

A

Safe Drinking Water Act

41
Q

This international agreement reduces the use of pollutants that cause ozone depletion

A

Montreal Protocol

42
Q

This international agreement reduces the use of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change

A

Kyoto Protocol

43
Q

Also known as “Superfund”, this law passed in 1980 assigns liability for release of hazardous wastes and established a trust fund for cleanup of hazardous wastes.

A

CERCLA

44
Q

International agreement that regulates wildlife trade to safeguard species from overexploitation

A

CITES

45
Q

U.S. law designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction

A

ESA

46
Q

Prohibits the use of food additives that have not been tested or were found to cause cancer

A

Delaney Clause

47
Q

When someone believes that something in nature has intrinsic value he or she believes _______.

A

that things in nature have value for their own sake regardless of their use to others

48
Q

What ethical perspective would you ascribe to someone who makes environmental choices based on a respect for just the living things in an ecosystem?

A

biocentrism

49
Q

Which type of ethics dictates the sustainable use of natural resources while also managing them wisely?

A

conservation

50
Q

Members of the _____ movement would be very concerned about the unequal exposure of members of a certain race to pollution.

A

environmental justice

51
Q

Which approach assists consumers in choosing products that are grown or manufactured with environmentally friendly methods?

A

ecolabeling

52
Q

What are nonmarket values?

A

values for items such as ecosystem services that are not usually included in the price of a good or service

53
Q

In a subsistence economy, individuals _______.

A

meet most of their needs from nature, but may trade for local goods made by different clans or families

54
Q

Which of the following is a type of ecosystem service in the United States?

A

production of clean water for human consumption

production of oxygen by trees

pollination of apple, orange, and peach trees

All of the listed choices are examples of ecosystem services.

55
Q

A company that produces household cleaners decides to produce a “green” version of its products, even though the formulas are virtually unchanged compared to the original formulas. This is an example of _______.

A

Greenwashing

56
Q

Which of the following requires those responsible for pollution to cover the cost of repairing the damage?

A

the polluter-pays principle

57
Q

Anyone who spends time or money trying to influence an elected official’s decisions about legislation is engaging in __________.

A

Lobbying

58
Q

In the policy-making process, science is _________

A

only one of the factors that influence policy makers

59
Q

Private, voluntary efforts to keep the “tragedy of the commons” in check are often less effective than mandated public policy because of _______.

A

the free-rider predicament

60
Q

If we assume that donations are a sign of successful lobbying, which of the following is currently most successful at lobbying in the United States?

A

the American Petroleum Institute

61
Q

The publication of which book was noted as one of the landmark events starting the third wave of environmental policy?

A

Silent Spring by Rachel Carson

62
Q

The first major era of U.S. environmental policy _______.

A

addressed public land management and encouraged western expansion

63
Q

Most of the environmental progress made over the past few decades has come about through __________ methods.

A

command-and-control

64
Q

Environmental science is the study of ___.

A

how the Earth works

how we interact with and affect the environment

how to deal with environmental problems

all of these

65
Q

As the price of a good increases, the number of buyers willing to purchase that good __.

A

decreases

66
Q

In an experiment, the _______ is the “normal situation” that you use to compare data to.

A

Control

67
Q

ability of a given biologically productive area to generate an on-going supply of renewable resources and to absorb its spillover wastes

A

biocapacity

68
Q

when the footprint of a population exceeds the biocapacity of the area available to that population.

A

ecological deficit

69
Q

the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

A

ecological footprint

70
Q

when the biocapacity exceed the ecological footprint of a population

A

ecological reserve

APES😉 (2 decks)

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